Understand to the systemic human anatomy and acquire the accurate idea about arrangement of the individual organs in particular organ system, or across various systems.
Miklošová M.: Anatómia, vysokoškolská učebnica, UPJŠ, Equilibria, Košice, 2011
Ševc, J., Mochnacký, F.: Anatomické termíny pre jednoodborové a medziodborové štúdium biológie, UPJŠ, e-book (https://unibook.upjs.sk/sk), 2020
Kluchová, D. a kol.: Anatómia trupu a končatín, UPJŠ, Equilibria, Košice, 2015
K. S. Saladin: Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function, Mc Graw-Hill; 3rd edition, 2004
Mráz, P. a kol.: Anatómia ľudského tela 1-3, Slovak Academic Press, 2015-2021
1. active participation on Anatomy lectures, max. 3 absences per semester
2. two written exams (20 points each) during semester, results of written exams contribute to the overall ranking
3. elaboration and presentation of selected topic
4. written exam (test, 60 points max.) during winter exam period; 3 regular exam dates (unlimited number of students) + 1 date for correction (for students, which failed in regular exam dates). Final grade will be calculated based on the total sum of earned points from written exams (20+20) and test (60). Grading scale: A (100-91 points), B (90.5-81), C (80.5-71), D (70.5-61), E (60.5-51), FX (50.5 and less)
1. Anatomical terminology
2. The skeletal system
3. The muscular system
4. The respiratory system
5. The gastrointestinal system
6. The urinary system
7. The male reproductive system
8. The female reproductive system
9. The circulatory system
10. The lymphatic system
11. The immune system
12. The nervous system
13. The sensory organs
After successful completion of the lectures, student masters the systemic human anatomy and has an accurate idea about the arrangement of the individual organs in particular organ system, or across various systems. Student understands the function and basic physiology of particular organs in human body in context of both; evolution and processes occurring in cells and tissues. Successful completion of the lectures prepare students for further study of histology, animal physiology, comparative morphology, immunology, etc.
Final grade will be calculated based on the total sum of earned points from two written exams during semester (portion - 20% each) and test (60%).
1.D.Harvey: Modern Analytical Chemistry. McGraw Hill Companies, Boston, 2000.
2.D.A.Skoog: Principles of Instrumental Analysis. Saunders Col. Publishing, New York 1985. 3.E.Prichard: Quality in the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Wiley, 1995
Completion of block experimental exercises. Written control test. Oral examination.
What is the Analytical Chemistry? Basic principles, classification and selection of analytical methods. Qualitative and quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis, separation by selective precipitation. Quantitative methods. Gravimetry, general principles of method. Volumetric methods. Preparation of accurate solutions. Indication of equvivalency point. Titration curves, calculations in volumetric analysis. Acidimetry, alkalimetry. Manganometry. Iodometry. Complexometry. Argentometry. Instrumental methods of analytical chemistry (basic principles, instrumentation and applications) - electroanalytical, optical and separation methods. Chromatographic and electrophoretic methods.
Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry for biologists.
Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry for biologists.
To provide the students with knowledge of basic biophysical principles of physiological processes in animals
Berne, L.: Principles of physiology. Mosby, 1990
S.Lehnert: Biomolecular action of ionizing radiation. Taylor and Francis, 2008
Schmidt: Fundamentals of Sensory Physiology. Springer, Berlín, 1986.
Oral examination.
1. Fundamentals of information theory and information processes in biology.
2. Theory of regulation and control and its role in physiology.
3. Basic principles of thermodynamics.
4.Theory of systems and its significance in biology.
5. Biophysical mechanisms of cell excitability and of the propagation of neuronal signals.
6. .Properties of biological membranes and of transport processes.
7. Energetics and kinetics of muscle contraction.
8. Biomechanics of bones and joints.
9. Physical principles of blood circulation, action of heart and lungs.
10. Physiological acoustics.
11. Physical principles of light perception.
12.Biological effects of ionizing radiation.
13. Biologogical effects of non-ionising radiation.
To provide the students with knowledge of basic biophysical principles of physiological processes in animals
Oral examination.
Successful completion of the exam, which consists of two parts: (i) written and (ii) oral part. The student passes the exam if he / she obtains at least 60% of the points in the written part and at the same time adequately answers the asked questions in the oral part.
1. Protein Structure and Function, Exploring proteins.
2. DNA and RNA and the Flow of Genetic Information, Exploring genes.
3. Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics, Catalytic Strategies and Regulatory Strategies.
4. Carbohydrates (Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides – Functions and Properties).
5. Lipids and Cells Membranes, Membrane Channels and Pumps.
6. Metabolis: Basic Concepts and Design, Signal-Transduction Pathways.
7. Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism.
8. The Citric Acid Cycle and Glyoxylate Cycle.
9. Oxidative Phosphorylation, The Light Reactions of Photosyntesis.
10. The Calvine Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway.
11. Fatty Acids Metabolism, Urea Cycle.
12. DNA Replication, Transcription (RNA Synthesis).
13. Protein Synthesis & Degradation, the Integration of Metabolism.
Gain knowledge of: (i) the basic building blocks of biomacromolecules (proteins, DNA, RNA, fats and sugars) and their properties, (ii) the basic biochemical processes that take place in living organisms, (iii) the way energy is produced and used in cells.
Mártonfi P.: Systematika cievnatých rastlín, 4. vydanie. - Vydavateľstvo UPJŠ, Košice, 2013.
Judd W. S., Campbell Ch. S., Kellogg E. A. & Stevens P. F., Donoghue M. J.: Plant Systematics. A phylogenetic Approach, 4th ed. - Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, 2016.
Simpson M. G.: Plant Systematics. - Elsevier - Academic Press, 2019.
Dostál J., Červenka M.: Veľký kľúč na určovanie rastlín I. a II. - SPN, Bratislava, 1991 a 1992
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To provide the students with knowledge on basic principles of statistic methods used in biology and their scope of application
J.H. Zar: Biostatistical analysis. 5th ed. Prentice Hall, 2009.
C. Dytham: Choosing and Using Statistics: A Biologist's Guide, Wiley-Blackwell, 2011
Active participation in practicals (solution of examples).
Active participation on practicals, including successful solving of the assigned numerical examples.
Passing the continual testing.
To absolve the final written test with at least 50% of the maximal score.
Slovak, English
1. Introduction, history and main principles of biostatistics.
2. Experimental design.
3. Basic data types, descriptive statistics and graphical presentation of data.
4. Creation of information, normal distribution model.
5. Point and interval estimates of parameters of normal distribution.
6. Introduction to hypothesis testing.
7. Statistical testing of the mean.
8. Statistical testing of variance, ANOVA.
9. Model distributions of qualitative variables.
10. Statistical tests for contingency tables.
11. Contingency tables and risk assessment.
12. Correlation and regression.
The aim of the course is to teach students the principles, limitations, and application of selected statistical methods and the interpretation of results obtained from biological experiments.
To gain theoretical and practical knowledge on plant tissue culture in vitro.
Abdin M.Z., Kiran U., Kamaluddin M., Ali A. (eds.): Plant Biotechnology: Principles and Applications. 2017, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd., Singapore
Chawla H.S.: Introduction to Plant Biotechnology. 2009, third edition, Science Publisher, Enfield, USA
Periodicals and Internet sources
active participation at the practicals, protocols
Active participation at the practicals, protocols, oral examination
1. Definition of biotechnology. History of biotechnology.
2. History of plant biotechnology.
3. Aseptic techniques.
4. Nutrition media and culture conditions.
5. Micropropagation. Tissue and organ cultures.
6. Callus. Cell suspension culture.
7. Protoplasts. Somatic hybridization.
8. Somatic embryogenesis. Organogenesis.
9. Somaclonal variation.
10. Secondary metabolites production. Bioreactors. Biotransformation. Immobilization.
11. Plant secondary metabolism. Elicitors. Elicitation.
12. Genetic transformation. Direct and indirect methods.
13. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The genes carried by Ti and Ri plasmids.
14. Selection markers. Reporter genes.
15. Germplasm storage. Gene banks. Slow growth method.
16. Cryopreservation.
17. Metabolic engineering. The role of tissue and organ specific plant promoters.
18. Genetic engineering. Plants resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses.
19. Molecular farming. Plant-based edible vaccines. Plastome engineering.
20. RNA silencing. The application of microRNAs in plant biotechnology.
Definition and history of plant biotechnology. Aseptic techniques, culture conditions. Micropropagation, types of plant explant cultures used in biotechnology. Somatic hybridization and embryogenesis, direct and indirect organogenesis. Somaclonal varation. Secondary metabolites production, bioreactors, biotransformation, immobilization and elicitation. Genetic transformation, direct and indirect methods of transformation. Types of vectors, promotors, selection markers and reporter genes used in plant transformation. Germplasm storage, gene banks. Cryopreservation and slow growth method. Genetically modified organisms - metabolic engineering, genetic engineering, plants resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses, molecular farming, the role of tissue and organ specific plant promoters, plastome engineering, plant-based edible vaccines. RNA silencing, the application of microRNAs in plant biotechnology.
To gain theoretical and practical knowledge on plant tissue culture in vitro.
Oral examination.
To provide the students with knowledge of basic principles of cell microscopic and submicroscopic structure and function.
K.Kapeller, H.Strakele: Cytomorfológia. Osveta Martin, 1999
M.Babák, J.Šamaj: Cytológia. Univerzita Komenského Bratislava, 2002
Alberts B., Bray D., Johnson A., Lewis J.: Základy buněčné biologie. Espero Publishing, 2003
Campbell N. a Reece J.: Biologie. Computer Press, 2006
Kleban J., Mikeš J., Jendželovská Z., Jendželovský R., Fedoročko P.: Cytológia pracovný zošit na praktické cvičenia, 2018
Practicals graduation (without absence); Two written tests graduation (min. 70 % fruitfulness of each); Written examination
Lectures:
1.) Cell theory. Cell. 2.) Organization of living systems. 3.) Biological membranes. 4.) Transfer of substances across membranes. 5.) Cell wall of plant cells. 6.) Surface structures of cells. Extracellular matrix. Cell movement. 7.) Intercellular connections. 8.) Cytoskeleton. 9.) Cell nucleus. 10.) Mitochondria and cellular metabolism. 11.) Plastids and vacuoles. 12.) Ribosomes. Endoplasmic reticulum. Golgi apparatus. Lysosomes. 13.) Differentiation, aging and cell death, pathological changes in cells.
Exercises:
1.) Safety at work in a cytomorphological laboratory. Conditions for successful completion of exercises. 2.) Basics of optics. Origin and construction of the image with a magnifying glass and a microscope. 3.) Microscopic technique. 4.) Shape and size of cells. 5.) Principle of fluorescence and confocal microscopy. 6.) Control test. Vacuole. 7.) Cytoplasm movement. 8.) Nucleus and nucleolus. 9.) Cytoplasmic membrane. 10.) Osmotic processes. 11.) Cell inclusions. 12.) Cell walls of plant cells. 13.) Cell counting. Control test.
To provide the students with knowledge of basic principles of cell microscopic and submicroscopic structure and function.
Written examination from lectures and practicals.
1. Carretero Gomez, S., Vuorikari, R. and Punie, Y., DigComp 2.1: The Digital Competence Framework for Citizens with eight proficiency levels and examples of use, Luxembourg, 2017, ISBN 978-92-79-68006-9, https://www.ecdl.sk/
2. Bruff, D. (2019). Intentional Tech: Principles to Guide the Use of Educational Technology in
College Teaching (1st edition). Morgantown: West Virginia University Press.
3. Baker, Y. (2020). Microsoft Teams for Education. Amazon Digital Services.
4. Miller, H. (2021). Google Classroom + Google Apps: 2021 Edition. Brentford: Orion Edition Limited.
Summary evaluation based on ongoing assessment:
1. Practical ongoing assignments and their defense (at least 50% needed)
3. Active participation during face-to-face contact learning in classical or virtual classroom (3 absences allowed) and during online learning (no absence, uploading all individual ongoing assignments)
slovak
01.-02. Basic digital skills, DigComp framework, ECDL
- modern web browser and its personalization
- security, privacy, responsible use of DT
03.-05. Search, collection and evaluation of digital content
- scanning, audio recording and speech resolution, optical resolution (OCR)
- digital notebooks (Google keep, Evernote, Onenote)
- evaluation of digital resources (Google forms and sections)
06.-08. Editing and creating digital content
- cloud and interactive documents
(text and spreadsheet editors - Google, Microsoft, Jupyter)
- work with pdf documents, e-books and videos
(Kami, Google books, Screencasting)
09. - 10. Organization, protection and sharing of digital content
- modern LMS and cloud storage
(Google Classroom, Microsoft team, Google Drive, Dropbox)
- time management (Google Calendar)
11.-13. Digital communication and cooperation
- collaborative interactive whiteboards (Jamboard, Whiteboard)
- online presentations and online meetings
(Google presentations, Powerpoint, Google meet, Microsoft teams)
The student should obtain and know to apply basic knowledge and skills in working with current digital technologies (mobile phone, tablet, laptop, web technologies):
1. according to the current European framework for the Digital competence DigComp and ECDL
2. for better and more effective learning, work and active life in higher education, later lifelong learning and further career prospects.
Explain to students the principles of breeding laboratory animals and the proper treatment of them and teach them the right habits in handling and experimental procedures on animals.
To acquaint students with experimental methods used in physiological laboratories, with a special focus on methods used in neurophysiology and electrophysiology.
To acquaint students with the theoretical foundations of experimental work and with the correct experimental habits.
To acquaint students with other aspects of the experimenter's work in a biological experiment - fundraising, grant systems, writing publications, career advancement.
Introduce students to a complex multimethodic experimental institute, explain the conditions and requirements for work in individual laboratories.
Brain Facts, a primer on the brain and nervous system, published by the Society for Neuroscience, 2018
Mysliveček,J., Myslivečková-Hassmannová,J.: Nervová soustava. Funkce, struktura a poruchy činnosti. Avicenum, Praha, 1989.
Schmidt,R.,F.: Fundamentals of Neurophysiology. Springer Verlag, New York, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1985.
Greenstein,B., Greenstein,A.: Color Atlas of Neuroscience. Thieme. Stuttgart, New York, 2000.
Recognition of practical skills.
Regular attendance at classes.
Active participation in practices.
Elaboration of assigned tasks.
Successful completion of the oral exam.
Slovak
1. Laboratory animals - history, the most known species, environment and care, classification in terms of genetic and microbiological, statistics of use, regulations, sources of information.
2. Video on animal manipulation, discussion; visit of the vivaria in UPJŠ and NbU BMC SAS, acquaintance with its system, practical demonstration of manipulation with laboratory rat
3. Theory of experiment - types of studies, basic phases in experimental work, experimental design, hypothesis, experimental and control groups, etc ...
4. Practical methods of research in biology. Characteristics of behavioral, electrophysiological and imaging (CT, MRI, fMRI, PET, ...) methods.
5. Electrophysiology - membrane potential, action potential, synapse, postsynaptic potentials.
6. Electrophysiology - different types of recordnings - field potentials (EEG, ECG, EMG, evoked potentials), unit activity (extracellular, intracellular), tpatch-clamp, principles and configurations.
7. Behavioral methods in a biological experiment - mazes, open field, BBB score, hot plate, pain, reward and punishment, swimming pool, ... demonstration of the experiment in Morris pool
8. Technical conditions for recording of electrical signals of tissue - electrodes, amplifier, filters, A/D conversion, sampling, stimulation, evaluation of signals and their parameters, etc.
9. Demonstration experiments - measurement of EEG, ECG, EMG, evoked potentials
10. Forms of scientific work: from diploma thesis to doctoral thesis; grant system; doctoral student, postdoc, principal investigator; titles and ranks; writing a publication - sources, references,… etc.
11. Use of computers in experiment: Searching in databases, Image analysis - basic concepts of digital image, basic operations with images, basic principles of image analysis and available programs (Image tools, ImageJ, Ellipse)
12. Analysis of scientific article (basic parts - Introduction, Materials and methods, Results, Discussion) - how the experiment was built, experimental and control groups, selected methods, hypothesis, confirmation or negation, discussion
13. Excursion in laboratories in the Institute of Neurobiology BMC SAS.
Students will learn:
- the principles of breeding laboratory animals and their proper treatment and handling,
- the theory of experimental work and correct experimental habits,
- an overview of experimental methods used in physiological laboratories, with a special focus on methods used in neurophysiology and electrophysiology,
- the other aspects of the experimenter's work in a biological experiment - fundraising, grant systems, writing publications, career promotion,
- the conditions for experimental work in a multimethodic experimental institute.
Oral and practical examination.
To provide the students with the knowledge of basic experimental techniques in biology.
Zutphen, L. F. M., Baumans, V., Beynen, A. C.: Principles of Laboratory Animal Science. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993
active participation on practicals/seminars, exam
English for Erasmus students
1. Course management. Laboratory safety.
2. Molecular markers; Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), RT-PCR, Real-Time PCR).
3. Molecular cytology – Flow cytometry – principles and application in cell biology.
4. Work in aseptic conditions (in vitro); work with cell lines – subculturing, staining, cell counting, MTT test.
5. Laboratory animals, strains and inbreed lines; Breeding and manipulation with animals.
6. Manipulation with laboratory animals; Behavioural tests.
7. Animal dissection; Anatomy of animals.
8. Surgery in experimental research.
9. Fluorescence and confocal microscopy in experimental research.
10. Fieldwork; Botanical fieldwork and follow-up laboratory assessment.
11. Use of scientific literature. Presentation of own results.
12. Transgenic organisms in biological research.
13. Conditional Gene Knockout.
To provide the students with the knowledge of basic experimental techniques in biology.
Ecological characteristic of freshwater groups and prevalent species, invertebrates and vertebrates.
Bronsmark, Ch., Hannsson, L. A.: The biology of Lakes and ponds. Biol. Of Habitats Ser, 1998
Kriska, G., 2023: Freshwater Invertebrates in Central Europe. A Field Guide. Springer, 527 p.
Thorp, J.H., Rogers, D.C., 2015: Thorp and Convich´s Freshwater Invertebrates. Ecology and General Biology. 4th edition. Academia Press, London, 1096 p.
Wetze, R.D., 2001: Limnology. Lake and River Ecosystems. Elsevier Academic Press, 3rd. edition. 1006 s.
The course is dedicated to freshwater ecosystems of the temperate zone, with an emphasis on representative members of invertebrates and primary aquatic vertebrates, their biology, ecology, and distribution. In addition to theoretical preparation, the course focuses on demonstrating field research on individual groups, examples of sampling methods, and the approaches and significance of hydrobiological monitoring of waters and wetlands. Water is an ongoing priority topic for society. Less attention is paid to wetlands and water biodiversity in our country, although it is precisely here that the key to understanding a functioning landscape lies.
Ecological characteristic of freshwater groups and prevalent species (invertebrates, vertebrates), characteristic for habitat type and water condition (bioindication).
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Hendrych R.: Fytogeografie. - SPN, Praha 1984.
Prach K., Štech M., Říha P.: Ekologie a rozšíření biomů na Zemi. - Scientia, Praha 2009.
Krippel E.: Postglaciálny vývoj vegetácie Slovenska. – Veda, vyd. SAV, Bratislava, 1986.
Dahl, E.: The Phytogeography of Northern Europe, - Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Brown J. H., Lomolino M. V.: Biogeography. - Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, 1998.
Myers A. A., Giller P. S.: Analytical Biogeography. - Chapman & Hall, 1990.
Various literature devoted to the geography of vegetation (mainly nature and travel), articles in National Geographic, Živa, Vesmír and other magazines.
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1. Lectures are optional, but highly recommended due to the presentation of otherwise difficult-to-access information and its synthesis.
2. In addition to the exam, the student must complete a mandatory 5-hour field trip focusing on the aspects that determine the spread of plants on Earth, solve practical tasks from the topic of the subject and prepare a semester presentation on the given topic, the presentation is defended at a scientific mini-conference.
1. History of the subject. Plants and environment. Dynamics of the earth's surface.
2. Abiotic and biotic factors of the plant environment.
3. Chorology, range, areal disjunctions, relics, endemism, vicarism.
4. Elements of flora - older and newer approaches.
5. Main features of florogenesis. Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic.
6. Main features of florogenesis. Cenozoic - Pleistocene, Holocene.
7. Basics of GIS (geographic information systems) and their use in botanical research.
8. Postglacial development of vegetation in Slovakia.
9. Current changes in terrestrial vegetation and their study, plant invasions.
10. Geography of vegetation: from tropical rainforests to tundra I.
11. Geography of vegetation: from tropical rainforests to tundra II.
12. Geographical origin of cultivated plants.
Seminars and exercises consist of a 5-hour excursion focusing on the connections and conditionality of plant distribution and indoor exercises focusing on an overview of phytogeographical literature, atlases of plant distribution and their importance, types of mapping, types of areas, practical assessment of floristic elements and types of disjunctions , work with maps of specific taxa throughout Europe. Further: regional phytogeography of the Earth, historical overview of opinions on the phytogeographical (floristic) division of Slovakia. Plant phylogeography. Student presentations of final semester theses (phytogeographical mini-conference).
After completing the subject, the student is oriented in various aspects of phytogeographic issues and can apply the acquired knowledge both in basic research within chorology, historical and regional phytogeography, as well as in the evaluation of world biomes. The practical application of the subject is within the study of geographically and climatically conditioned changes in vegetation, in the assessment of the reduction of biodiversity and the extinction of the natural plant communities of the Earth, and the acquired knowledge can be used in work in environmental protection.
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The introduction into the fundamental knowledge of selected parts of physical chemistry with emphasis on the utilization of these knowledges for the study of physico-chemical properties of biomacromolecules and biological systems.
1. P. Atkins and J. de Paula. Atkins’s Physical Chemistry (9th Edition), Oxford
University Press, 2010.
2. P. Atkins. Fyzikálna chémia (slovenský preklad 6. vydania), STU Bratislava, 1999.
3. P. Atkins, J. De Paula. Fyzikální chemie ( český preklad 9. vydania), VŠCHT Praha,
2013
4. R.Chang. Physical Chemistry for the Biosciences, University Science Book, 2006.
5. D. Eisenberg and D. Crothers. Physical Chemistry with Applications to the Life
Sciences, Benjamin/Cummings, 1979.
6. K. van Holde, W. Johnson and P. Ho. Principles of Physical Biochemistry, Prentice
Hall, 1988.
7. D.T. Haynie. Biological Thermodynamics (2nd Edition), Cambridge University Press,
2008.
8. A.P.H. Peters. Concise Chemical Thermodynamics (3rd Edition), CRC Press, Taylor &
Francis Group, 2010.
9. I. Tinoco, jr., K. Sauer, J.C. Wang, J.C. Puglisi, G. Harbison and D.Rovnyak.
Physical Chemistry – Principles and Applications in Biological Sciences (5th Edition),
Pearson, 2014.
10. A. Cooksy. Physical Chemistry- Thermodynamics, Statistical Mechanics, and
Kinetics, Pearson, 2014.
Test
Exam
During an exam, a student should demonstrate his/her ability to solve theoretical exercises from the selected parts of the Physical chemistry for biological sciences. Morever, the students should be able to manifest theoretical knowledge from the chapters which are present in the brief outline of the course.
English language
Week 1
Physical chemistry - areas of research, importance for science, definition. Thermodynamics - definition, areas of interest. Thermodynamic system. Properties of thermodynamic system. Basic thermodynamic quantities (pressure, volume, temperature, internal energy). Zero law of thermodynamics. Ideal gas. Equation of state of an ideal gas. Gas mixtures - Dalton's law. Real gas. Van der Waals equation of state.
Week 2
1st law of thermodynamics. Internal energy, work, heat. Mathematical formulation of the 1st law of thermodynamics. Enthalpy. Heat capacity. Relationship between heat capacities at constant pressure and volume. Isothermal expansion of an ideal gas. Work in reversible and irreversible isothermal expansion. Adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas. Exothermic and endothermic reactions and processes. Standard state of substances. Hess's law.
Week 3
Examples of spontaneous processes in nature. Definitions of the 2nd law of thermodynamics (Kelvin, Celsius). Entropy - introduction of the term. Thermodynamic definition of entropy. Entropy as a state function. Carnot cycle. Efficiency of a heat engine. Claussius inequality. Entropy of isothermal expansion, gas mixing, melting and evaporation processes. Dependence of entropy on temperature. Nernst's heat theorem. 3rd law of thermodynamics.
Week 4
Entropy as a property determining the spontaneity of processes. Criteria of process spontaneity at constant volume and constant pressure. Helmoltz and Gibbs free energy. Properties of Helmoltz energy. Properties of Gibbs energy. Standard Gibbs energy of a chemical reaction. Dependence of Gibbs energy on temperature - Gibbs-Helmoltz equation. Dependence of Gibbs energy on pressure for solids, liquids and gases. Simple mixtures. Partial molar volume. Partial molar Gibbs energy, chemical potential.
Week 5
Chemical potential in a liquid. Raoult's law, the ideal solution. Henry's law, ideally diluted solution. Mixing solutions, ideal solutions. Residual functions and regular solutions. Colligative properties. Increasing the boiling point and decreasing the melting point of the liquid in which the soluble chemical compound is located. Osmosis. Solvent activity, soluble substance activity.
Week 6
Chemical equilibrium. Gibbs energy of a chemical reaction. Chemical equilibrium in an ideal gas. Equilibrium constant of chemical reaction. Temperature dependence of the equilibrium constant - van‘t Hoff's equation. Stability of protein structure. Thermal denaturation of proteins. Van’t Hoff enthalpy of protein denaturation. Chemical denaturation of proteins. Physiological consequences of incorrectly folded proteins.
Week 7
Examples of molecular associations and their significance for biological systems. Dissociation and association binding constants. Determination of dissociation binding constant - Langmuir isotherm. Cooperativity in ligand-macromolecule interactions. Cooperativity - simultaneous ligand binding, Hill's equation. Cooperativity - gradual binding of ligands. Allosteric interactions. Qualitative description of the Monod - Wyman - Changeaux model for cooperative binding of ligands to macromolecules. Experimental methods used to study the ligand - macromolecule interactions.
Week 8 Chemical and biochemical kinetics - basic definitions. Rates of chemical reactions. Rate constant. Order of chemical reaction. First order reactions. Second order reactions. Consecutive reactions. Determination of the rate law. Reverse chemical reactions. Relaxation processes. Temperature dependence of rate constants - Arrhenius equation. Experimental techniques used to determine the rates of chemical reactions. Transition state theory - Eyring's theory.
Week 9
Enzymes - characterization and classification. Equilibrium model of enzyme kinetics. Steady state model of enzyme kinetics. Experimental determination of maximum rate and Michaelis-Menten constant in enzymatic reactions. Deviations from Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Enzyme inhibition. Reversible inhibition. Competitive, non-competitive and uncompetitive inhibition.
Week 10
Kinetics of photophysical and photochemical processes. Jablonski diagram. Fluorescence, phosphorescence. Quantum yields of photophysical processes. Quenching of the excited states of molecules by external factors. Fluorescence quenching. Stern-Volmer equation. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Biological application of FRET.
Week 11
Electrochemical reactions. Electrochemical cell. Standard redox potentials. Relationship between Gibbs energy change and electrochemical potential. Temperature dependence of electrochemical potential. Use of electrochemical cells. Determination of redox potential. Ionic electrochemical gradient. Proton motive force. Nernst potential. Introduction to the respiratory chain in mitochondria.
Week 12
Acids and bases. Acid-base properties of water. pH - measurement of environmental acidity. Dissociation of acids and bases - acid-base equilibrium. Henderson - Hasselbalch equation. Buffers.
The introduction into the fundamental knowledge of selected parts of physical chemistry with emphasis on the utilization of these knowledge for the study of physico-chemical properties of biomacromolecules and biological systems. After completing the course, the students should understand physico-chemical mechanisms of many biological processes.
Bhatla S.C., Lal M.A. Plant Physiology, development and metabolism. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018
1. Active participation in laboratory practicals. In case of justified non-participation, the teacher will determine an alternative form of lessons.
2. Before the practicals, the students will study the main points of the task that will be carried out. Students will receive an exact list of tasks according to individual lessons at the beginning of the semester.
3. Students make a written report of the practicals. The students will evaluate the results of the tasks and form a conclusion. The protocols are handed over to the teacher before the next lessons at the latest. The teacher checks the protocols and, in case of errors, returns the protocols for revision. If the submitted protocol is correct, the task is considered validly completed.
4. Practicals are considered to have been completed when at least 10 practical tasks are validly completed. Completion of practicals by the end of the semester at the latest (the date will be specified by the teacher) and succesfull test result (6 of 10 points) is obligatory for participation in the exam.
5. The activity in the practicals is evaluated by means of an ongoing point evaluation. A student can get 1-3 points. Obtaining 2 points is considered a standard completion of practicals. The best students can get 3 points for high-quality performance in the laboratory or excelent protocols. On the other hand, 1 point will be awarded to students who completed the practicals despite the teacher's minor reservations.
6. The examination of the subject takes place orally. Students need to answer to three questions and have a max. 30 minutes to prepare them.
Any changes or modifications to the conditions for completing the subject due to the COVID19 pandemic or other serious reasons are continuously posted on the subject's electronic board.
1. Water in plant life, properties of water, water regime; uptake and transport of water, transpiration.
2. Mineral substances in plants, transport mechanisms of mineral substances, Essential elements and their main functions, useful substances and toxic substances.
3. Photosynthesis: Meaning of photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigments, electron and proton transport, ATP production.
4. Metabolic phase of photosynthesis, CO2 fixation, Calvin cycle, Photorespiration, C4 and CAM plants, ecophysiology of photosynthesis.
5. Mobilization of storage substances, Glycolysis, Pentose cycle, Citrate (Krebs) cycle, Mitochondrial respiration, Biosynthesis and mobilization of lipids
6. Nitrogen and sulfur metabolism: Nitrogen uptake and reduction, assimilation of nitrogen, nitrogenase, assimilation of sulfur
7. Secondary plant metabolism: Isoprenoids, phenolic substances, substances derived from amino acids, stress metabolites
8. Plant growth, cell division, cellulose formation, embryogenesis, meristems, regeneration
9. Photoreceptors: Phytochromes, physiological effects of phytochromes, blue light receptors
10. Plant hormones: Characteristics and method of signaling, auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroids and other hormones
11. Plant movements, tropisms, circadian rhythms
12. Flowering control: Internal and external regulation of flowering, floral meristem and control of flower development.
13. Physiology of stress: Abiotic stress, biotic stress, response of plants to stress.
Getting a basic overview of life processes in plants. Acquisition of basic laboratory practice in biochemical methods and work with plant material. Ability to evaluate results and form the conclusions.
To provide students with basic knowledge about physiological processes in organisms of animals and man.
Varder, A. J., Sherman, J. H., Luciano, D. S.: The mechanisms of body functions, McGraw-Hill, 1990
Schmidt, R. F., Thews, G.: Human Physiology, Springer-Verlag, 1989
R.W.Hill, R.Wyse, M.Anderson : Animal Physiology, Sinauer Assoc., 2008
Active participation on practicals.
Passing the test in recognition of microscopical preparations (min. 50% of correct identification and description)
Passing the final examination of knowledge and practical skills from the content of practicals.
Oral examination.
1. Basic physiological principles. Homeostatic mechanisms.
2. Physiology of blood and hemopoetic organs.
3. Physiology of respiration.
4. Thermoregulation.
5. Physiology of cardio-vascular system.
6. Physiology of the gastro-intestinal system.
7. The functions of the liver.
8. Physiology of nutrition and the energetic metabolism. The water and mineral household.
9. General neurophysiology.
10. Sensory and motoric functions of the nervous system. Associative functions of the brain.
11. Physiology of excretion. The work of the muscles.
12. Sensory physiology.
13. Hormonal regulation. Physiology of reproduction.
12. Sensory physiology.
To provide students with basic knowledge on the physiological processes in animals on different levels of the phylogenesis. Learn the principles of their control, aimed to secure the inner integrity of the animal and to its adaptation to the environment. To point out the unity of the structure (on the molecular, cellular, tissue and organ levels) and of the functions of the body.
..
Dobson, M., Frid, C. Ecology of Aquatic Systems. Oxford University Press, 2009
Wetzel, R.G..: Limnology. Academic Press. 3rd Edition, 2001
Wetzel, R.G.: Limnological analyses. Springer Verl., 3rd Edition, 2000
The transfer of knowledge of hydrobiology takes place in the form of lectures, seminars, field trips and independent work of students in the field according to the instructions of the teacher.
Teaching is focused on understanding the basic dynamics of abiotic and biotic relationships, conditions and interactions in different types of freshwater environments. It notes current issues such as biodiversity loss, degradation of aquatic habitats and drinking water sources, water loss in the country of pollution, historical degradation of watercourses by regulations, migration barriers and pollution, wetland extinction, acquaints students with the starting points of renaturalization and ecosystem revitalization. Water is the key to understanding the functioning of the landscape, living organisms are an indispensable part of the self-cleaning, productive and other properties of water, on which life depends on our planet. The climate crisis is opening up these problems with new urgency.
To provide the students with knowledge of basic morphology of tissues of animals.
Michel H. Ross, Wojciech Pawlina: Histology, Lippincott Wiliams & Wilkins, 2011
Renate Lullmann-Rauch: Histologie, Grada, 2012
Gartner, L.P., Hiatt, J.L.: Color Texbook of Histology. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1997
Juanqueira, L.C., Carneiro, J., Kelley, R.O.: Basic Histology. Prentice Hall International Inc., Apleton & Lange, 1997
KBMB/CYT1a
Oral examination
1. Epithelium and glands.
2. Connective tissue.
3. Cartilage. Bone.
4. Muscle.
5. Nervous Tissue.
6. Blood and hemopoiesis.
7. Circulatory system. Lymphoid system.
8. Endocrine system.
8. Respiratory system. Integument.
9. Digestive system.
10. Urinary system.
11. Female reproductive system.
12. Male reproductive system.
13. Nervous system. Special senses.
To provide the students with knowledge of basic morphology of tissues of animals.
Oral examination
To teach students how to calculate material balances in the systems with or without chemical processes and how to calculate examples concerning the chemical equilibrium.
Potočňák I.: Chemické výpočty vo všeobecnej a anorganickej chémii (skriptum), PF UPJŠ, Košice, 2017.
https://unibook.upjs.sk/sk/chemia/843-chemicke-vypocty-vo-vseobecnej-a-anorganickej-chemii
Any chemical laboratory tables.
Short written tests, which may make imroved final assessment. Short written test are not necessary.
Successful completion of two written tests in the middle and at the end of the semester. Accomplished test is with minimal 50% of point. The exact dates will be determined after mutual consultation between the teacher and the students.
The rating scale is determined as follows: A (100-91%), B (90-81%), C (80-71%), D (70-61%), E (60-51%), Fx (50- 0%).
SK - slovak
The subject is carried out in person or, if necessary, remotely using the online platform Big Blue Button (BBB). The form of teaching is specified by the teacher at the beginning of the semester and updated continuously.
Expression of the clear matter amount and the system composition. Stoichiometric formula. Material bilances for preparation, dissolving and mixing of solutions, and for separating of mixtures. Material bilances for combined processes. Chemical equations and material bilances in the systems with chemical processes. Acid-Base equilibrium and the pH calculations. The solubility product and solubility.
To teach students how to calculate material balances in the systems with or without chemical processes and how to calculate examples concerning the chemical equilibrium.
Student get assessment after successful writting of both tests (minimal 50% points). Final point number is improved with points from small written tests and according to this, the final mark will be given.
1. Attending lectures is voluntary, participation in exercises is mandatory.
2. During the exercises, it is necessary to master the principles of collecting, labeling, storage, processing and identification of plant samples, their potential pests and other accompanying organisms visible at least with a binocular magnifying glass. The data obtained in the field and in the laboratory will be further statistically processed. Specific application procedures in plant protection will be tested according to current possibilities in the area of the P.J. Šafárik University Botanical Garden.
3. Separate processing of a model example regarding effective temperatures and their significance for the development of plant pests and pathogens.
4. Elaboration of an overview of the most significant harmful agents and measures against them when prioritizing biological methods in the protection of the specified type of cultivated plant.
1. Integrated plant protection (IOR), basic concepts, history of plant protection.
2. Symptoms of plant damage, harmful agents - basic division.
3. Selected viral, bacterial and fungal plant diseases.
4. Selected phytophagous animals.
5. Procedures in plant protection - basic division.
6. Chemical plant protection.
7. Biological protection of plants.
8. Integrated protection of plants in greenhouses.
9. Integrated plant protection in agriculture (external areas).
10. Integrated plant protection in forestry.
11. Invasive species of plants and animals and the possibilities of solving problems associated with them based on the principles of integrated plant protection.
12. Models, perspectives of integrated plant protection.
Providing basic information about agents damaging plants and information on plant protection. To a greater extent, paying attention to biological and other more acceptable methods of regulating unwanted organisms in various areas of plant cultivation. Learning practical procedures and principles in applying these gentler methods on model examples. This should make it possible to apply and develop this knowledge in other areas of the management of natural and close to nature systems, where the regulation of undesirable and, conversely, the support of desired types of organisms is expected.
1. JUNGER, J. et al. Turistika a športy v prírode. Prešov: Fakulta humanitných a prírodných vied PU v Prešove. 2002. 267s. ISBN 80-8068-097-3.
2. PAVLÍČEK, J. Člověk v drsné přírodě. 3. vyd. Praha: Práh. 2002. ISBN 8072520598.
3. WISEMAN, J. SAS: příručka jak přežít. Praha: Svojtka & Co. 2004. 566s. ISBN
8072372807.
Completion: passed
Condition for successful course completion:
- active participation in line with the study rule of procedure and course guidelines,
- effective performance of all the tasks defined in the course syllabus
Slovak language
Brief outline of the course:
1. Principles of conduct and safety in the movement in unfamiliar natural environment
2. Preparation and guidance of a hike tour
3. Objective and subjective danger in the mountains
4. Principles of hygiene and prevention of damage to health in extreme conditions
5. Fire building
6. Movement in the unfamiliar terrain, orientation and navigation
7. Shelters
8. Food preparation and water filtering
9. Rappelling, Tyrolian traverse
10. Transport of an injured person, first aid
Content standard:
The student demonstrates relevant knowledge and skills in the field, which content is defined in the course syllabus and recommended literature.
Performance standard:
Upon completion of the course students are able to meet the performance standard and should:
- acquire knowledge about safe stay and movement in natural environment,
- obtain theoretical knowledge and practical skills to solve extraordinary and demanding situations connected with survival and minimization of damage to health,
- be able to resist and face situations related to overcoming barriers and obstacles in natural environment,
- be able implement the acquired knowledge as an instructor during summer sport camps for children and youth within recreational sport.
1. JUNGER, J. et al. Turistika a športy v prírode. Prešov: FHPV PU v Prešove. 2002. ISBN 8080680973.
Internetové zdroje:
1. STEJSKAL, T. Vodná turistika. Prešov: PU v Prešove. 1999.
Dostupné na: https://ulozto.sk/tamhle/UkyxQ2lYF8qh/name/Nahrane-7-5-2021-v-14-46-39#!ZGDjBGR2AQtkAzVkAzLkLJWuLwWxZ2ukBRLjnGqSomICMmOyZN==
Completion: passed
Condition for successful course completion:
- active participation in line with the study rule of procedure and course guidelines
- effective performance of all tasks: carrying a canoe, entering and exiting a canoe, righting a canoe, paddling
Slovak language
Brief outline of the course:
1. Assessment of difficulty of waterways
2. Safety rules for rafting
3. Setting up a crew
4. Practical skills training using an empty canoe
5. Canoe lifting and carrying
6. Putting the canoe in the water without a shore contact
7. Getting in the canoe
8. Exiting the canoe
9. Taking the canoe out of the water
10. Steering
a) The pry stroke (on fast waterways)
b) The draw stroke
11. Capsizing
12. Commands
Content standard:
The student demonstrates relevant knowledge and skills in the field, which content is defined in the course syllabus and recommended literature.
Performance standard:
Upon completion of the course students are able to meet the performance standard and:
- implement the acquired knowledge in different situations and practice,
- implement basic skills to manipulate a canoe on a waterway,
- determine the right spot for camping,
- prepare a suitable material and equipment for camping.
1. Participation in an excursion in the area of the Botanical Garden focused on practical demonstrations of medicinal plants, methods of their cultivation and collection.
2. Written exam, which must be passed at least 50%.
Slovak, English
Introduction to the study of medicinal plants.
Production, processing and preservation of medicinal plants.
Collection of medicinal plants
Secretory structures of plants
Synthesis of biologically active metabolites in plants - secondary metabolism
Classification of constituents and their effects
Medicinal plants from the families Papaveraceae, Droseraceae, Hypericaceae, Rosaceae
Medicinal plants from the families Malvaceae, Ericaceae.
Medicinal plants from the families Scrophulariaceae, Plantaginaceae, Lamiaceae.
Medicinal plants from the families Caprifoliaceae, Apiaceae, Valerianaceae.
Medicinal plants from the families Asteraceae, Equisetaceae, Ginkgoaceae.
Practical use of medicinal plants.
Poisonous plants.
Get an overview of the most important medicinal plants in Slovakia. Students will learn to identify medicinal plants. In addition, they will learn about the possibilities of growing medicinal plants, the substances contained in these plants and their practical use.
Attendance of practicals (at least 90%), 2 written examinations during semester, final oral examination
Microbiology as a biological science. The history, role and perspectives of microbiology. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms, systematics, physiology, genetics and metabolism of microorganisms. Methods for studying microorganisms. Basic methods and techniques in microbiology laboratorium. Bacteriology, cytology, morphology and reproduction of microorganisms. Eukaryotic microorganisms, micromycetes. Microorganisms in environment, microbiology of water, soil, and air. Biogeochemical cycles. Symbiosis between micro- and macroorganisms. Important microbial diseases. Control of growth of microorganisms, antibiotics. Basics of applied microbiology. Virology basics, properties, classification, nomenclature of viruses. Interactions of viruses with host cell. Methods for studying viruses. Patogenesis of viral diseases. Plant and animal viruses. Bacteriophages. Subviral agens: viroids, prions.
Viruses, prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms, their cytology, physiology, genetics, ecology, classification. The importance of microorganisms for humans and environment.
Evaluation of practicals: 30%
In semester evaluation: Two written tests in 7th (15%) and 14th(15%) week
Final evaluation: Oral examination - 40%
Students will obtain a basic informations on viruses, prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms, their cytology, physiology, genetics, ecology, classification, and importance . Information on basic methods for studying microorganisms will be provided.
To provide the students with knowledge of molecular basis of inheritance and control of gene expression and development.
Lodish, H., Baltimore, D., Berk, A. et al.: Molecular Cell Biology. Sci. Amer. Books Inc., W.H. Freeman and Company, New York, 1995
Myers, R.A.: Molecular Biology and Biotechnology. VCH Publishers Inc., New York, 1995
KOCH/OCH1a, KBCH/BCH2a
Oral examination.
Structure and properties of information macromolecules. Molecular mechanisms of DNA replication and repair, transcription and translation. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genome. Control of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Control of cell cycle.
To provide the students with knowledge of molecular basis of inheritance and control of gene expression and development.
Oral examination.
To provide an overview of the computational techniques and achievable results in the emerging field of systems biology.
Alon, Uri. *An Introduction to Systems Biology: Design Principles of Biological Circuits*. 1st ed. Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2006.
Campbell, A. Malcolm, and Laurie J. Heyer. *Discovering Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics*. 2nd ed. Benjamin Cummings, 2006.
Gabius, Hans-Joachim. *The Sugar Code: Fundamentals of Glycosciences*. Wiley-VCH, 2009.
Solving intermediate motivating challenges given at the lectures.
Exam.
Basics of molecular modeling. Physical structure of biopolymers. Foldamers, Levinthal paradox and Anfinsen principle. Essentials of molecular modeling and molecular simulations. Examples of procedures and their results.
Biological polymers as sequences. Sequence comparision.
Biological databases of sequences, acces and work. BLAS, FASTA, scoring matrices. Sugar code as an example of non-linear code. Examples of use and results.
Molecular interaction networks, modeling of reaction kinetics. Application of graph-based approaches. Stochastic and deterministic modeling. Typical examples of use. Outlines and perspectives of systems biology and systems medicine. Chalenges of synthetic biology.
To provide an overview of the computational techniques and achievable results in the emerging field of systems biology.
E. Bohl, Mathematik in der Biologie, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 2006.
D. Studenovská, T. Madaras, S. Mockovčiak: Zbierka úloh z matematiky pre nematematické odbory, UPJŠ 2006.
D. Studenovská, T. Madaras: Matematika pre nematematické odbory, UPJŠ 2006.
In the covered areas of mathematics, skills in solving standard problems related to given topics are required.
Evaluation based on the results of two tests (during the semester): A ... at least 80%, B ... at least 70%, C ... at least 60%, D ... at least 50%, E ... at least 40%, FX ... less than 40% .
Slovak
- (week 1) Basic terms
- (week 2) Geometry in the plane (vectors, lines in the plane and their representations)
- (week 3) Systems of linear equations (linear equation and inequality, system of linear equations, Gaussian elimination)
- (week 4-6) Functions (monotonicity, local extrema, function composition, inverse function, elementary functions and their properties)
- (week 7) Combinatorics (binomial theorem, combinations and permutations without / with repetition, inclusion-exclusion principle)
- (week 8) Sequences and series (monotonicity and boundedness, recurrent sequence, geometric series)
- (week 9) Limit (limit of a sequence, limit of function, convergence, divergence, methods for computing limits, continuity)
- (week 10-11) Derivatives (sum, product, quotient and chain rule, derivatives of elementary functions, Taylor polynomial, analysis of functions)
- (week 12) Integrals (indefinite integral, integration methods: by substitution, by parts, by partial fractions; definite integral)
- (week 13-14) Ordinary differential equations (first order separable ODE, first order linear ODE)
Short introduction to mathematics, mathematical problem solving strategies and their applications to solving problems in biology and other sciences. Introduction to the computer algebra system MAPLE.
Dreyer, H. – Schmitt, R.: Lehr- und Übungsbuch der deutschen Grammatik. Hueber Verlag GmbH & Co. Ismaning, 2009.
Krüger, M.: Motive Kursbuch, Lektion 1 – 30. Huebert Verlag GmbH & Co. Ismaning, 2020.
Brill, L.M. – Techmer, M.: Deutsch. Großes Übungsbuch. Wortschatz. Huebert Verlag GmbH & Co. Ismaning, 2011.
Földeak, Hans: Sag's besser!. Grammatik. Arbeitsbuch für Fortgeschrittene. Huebert Verlag GmbH & Co. Ismaning, 2001.
Geiger, S. – Dinsel, S.: Deutsch Übungsbuch Grammatik A2-B2. Huebert Verlag GmbH & Co. Ismaning, 2018.
Dittelová, E. – Zavatčanová, M.: Einführung in das Studium der deutschen Fachsprache. Košice: ES UPJŠ, 2000.
Dintera,H./Steinmetz, M: Deutsch für Ingenieure. Ilmenau 2018.
Active participation in class and completed homework assignments. Students are allowed to miss 2 classes at the most (2x90 min.). 2 control tests during the semester. Final grade will be calculated as follows: A 93-100 %, B 86-92%, C 79-85%, D 72-78%, E 65-71%, FX 64 % and less.
German, Slovak language
The course is aimed at practicing and consolidating knowledge of morphology and syntax of German in order to show the context in grammar as a whole. The course is intended for students who often make grammatical errors in oral as well as written communication. Through the analysis of texts, audio recordings, tests, grammar exercises, monologic and dialogical expressions of students focused on specific grammatical structures, problematic cases are solved individually and in groups. Emphasis is placed on the balanced development of grammatical thinking in the communication process, which ultimately contributes to the development of all four language skills.
The aim of the course is to identify and eliminate the most frequent grammatical errors in oral and written communication, learning language skills of listening comprehension, speaking, reading and writing, increasing students 'language competence (acquisition of selected phonological, lexical and syntactic knowledge), development of students' pragmatic competence (acquisition of the ability to express selected language functions), development of presentation skills, etc.
1. Online ppt presentations in the system MOODLE na moodle science.upjs.sk
2. Organic chemistry, Clayden, Greeves Warren & Wothers, Oxford university Press, 2010.
3. Organická chémia, John McMurry, Vysoké učení technické v Brne, 2007, VUTIUM, ISBN: 978-80-214-3291-8 (VUT v Brne).
4. Organická chémia, Pavol Zahradník, Mária Mečiarová, Peter Magdolen, Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, 2019, ISBN: 978-80-223-4589-7.
1.Participation in seminars (also applies to the online form of teaching): justified non-participation of the student in two seminars will be excused by the teacher; longer-term justified non-participation of the student in seminars must be proven by the student's mastery of the subject matter in an alternative form determined by the teacher (e.g. preparation of assignments and others...).
2. Activity at seminars (also applies to the online form of teaching) - theoretical preparation of students is required for all seminars.
3.Short written examinations at seminars (max. 50b). Credit slips in the 7th and 14th week with a total sum of 100b. To pass the E rating, it is necessary to obtain 25.5b from each test.
4. The exam is a form of test. A minimum of 51 points is required to pass the exam. The final grade is calculated as the average of the evaluation of papers in seminars, credit papers and the exam itself. Final Grade: A: 91-100b, B: 81-90b, C: 71-80b, D: 61-70b, E: 51-60b, FX: 0-50b.
anglický
Teaching is carried out in person or, if necessary, online, using the MS Teams tool. The form of teaching is specified by the teacher at the beginning of the semester, updated continuously.
Alkenes Electrophilic Additions Strong Brønsted Acids Lewis Acids (non-Proton Electrophiles) Electrophilic Halogen Reagents Other Electrophilic Reagents Reduction Oxidation Radical Additions Allylic Substitution Alkynes Addition Reactions Hydrogenation Electrophiles Hydration & Tautomerism Hydroboration Nucleophilile Addition & Reduction Acidity of Terminal Alkynes (Substitution of H) Alkyl Halides General Reactivity Substitution(of X) SN2 Mechanism SN1 Mechanism Elimination (of HX) Summary of Substiution vs. Elimination Substitution by Metals Elimination Reactions of Dihalides Alcohols Reactions of Alcohols Substitution of the Hydroxyl H Substitution of the Hydroxyl Group Elimination of Water Oxidation of Alcohols Reactions of Phenols Acidity of Phenols Ring Substitution of Phenols Oxidation to Quinones Aromatic compounds Electrophilic Substitution A Substitution Mechanism Reactions of Substituted Benzenes Reaction Characteristics Reactions of Disubstituted Rings Reactions of Substituent Groups Nucleophilic Substitution, Elimination & Addition Reactions Amines Basicity of Nitrogen Compounds Acidity of Nitrogen Compounds Important Reagent Bases Reactions of Amines Electrophilic Substitution at Nitrogen Preparation of 1°-Amines Preparation of 2° & 3°-Amines Reactions with Nitrous Acid Reactions of Aryl Diazonium Intermediates Elimination Reactions of Amines Oxidation States of Nitrogen Basic information: Aldehydes & Ketones Carboxylic Acids Carboxylic Derivatives Natural products, Saccharides, Aminoacids, Biologically active compounds
After completing the course, the student, based on the study of common and different features of compounds, should be able to assess the properties of a given type of compound from the structure and name the corresponding type of compound based on nomenclature principles. From the acquired knowledge about the structure and properties of the relevant types of hydrocarbon compounds, the student should be able to independently derive the mechanisms of individual reactions.
The main goal of the subject is to introduce term biodiversity, principal threats and conservation of species, populations, communities and ecosystems.
Primack R.B., 2010: Essentials of conservation biology. Sinauer Associates, 1-603
Mandatory participation in lectures, completion of two semestral written examinations, oral examination.
1/ Fundamental and origin of conservation biology.
2/ Species, genetic and ecosystem diversity
3/ Biodiversity value – ecological economy, direct use value, non-cosumption use value, option value, existence value, environmental ethics
4/ Threats to biological diversity, human population increase, destruction and fragmentation of habitats, degradation and pollution of environment, global climate change, resource overexploitation, invasive species
5/ Extinction of organisms. Extinction rate, vulnerability to extinction, problems of small populations
6/ Conservation at the population and species levels. Applied population biology, categories of vulnerability, conservation programs and strategies “in situ” and “ex situ”, protection of species by law
7/ Protected areas. Establishing protected areas, designing networks of protected areas, managing protected areas.
8/ Conservation outside protected areas.
9/ Restoration ecology.
Fundamental and origin of conservation biology. Different levels of biodiversity, biodiversity hotspots on Earth. Economic value of biodiversity as the principal argument of nature conservation. Factors leading to biodiversity threats. Extinctions and problems of small populations. Conservation of populations and species, conservation programs and strategies. Classification and management of protected areas, conservation outside the protected areas. Sustainable development, education to conservation of nature.
The main goal of the subject is to introduce term biodiversity, principal threats and conservation of species, populations, communities and ecosystems.
Oral examination.
1. Roberts, Janovy Jr. Nadler,Foundations of Parasitology, 9th edition, 2012 McGraw-Hill Education, 701pp.
2. Loker, Parasitology: A Conceptual Approach, 2015, Garland Science, 560 pp.
active participation in practical exercises
presentation of seminar work
continuous written examinations
oral examination
slavak, english
The subject classifies epidemiologically and epizootologically important parasites. Basic parasitological concepts are discussed like adaptations, evolution, parasite-host interactions, systematic overview of parasitic animals, their ecology and epidemiology, natural focus and transimissive parasitoses.
Syllabus:
1 week: Fascinating world of parasites
2 week: General parasitology, basic epidemiological terms
3 week: Evolution of parasites
4 week: Forms of transmission
5 week: Unicelluar parasites: Excavata - Trypanosomatida, Diplomonadida
6 week: Unicelluar parasites: Excavata - Trichomonadida; Amebozoa
7 week: Unicelluar parasites: Chromalveolata - Apicomplexa
8 week: Helminths: Trematoda, Monogenea
9 week: Helminths: Cestoda
10 week: Helminths: Nematoda, Acanthocephala
11 week: Arachnoentomology: Crustacea, Pentastomida, Chelicerata
12 week: Arachnoentomology: Insecta
13 week: Arachnoentomology: Insecta - Diptera
Upon completion of this Parasitology I., students will demonstrate:
-an understanding of the fundamental terms and principles of parasitism
-an ability to outline the general life cycles of the major parasites of medical and veterinary importance
-an understanding of the ecology of parasites, and of the importance of parasites in the ecosystem
-an understanding of the methods of control
-an ability to determine species of human and animal parasites
Sedlák, Varhač, Danko, Paulíková, Podhradský: Praktické cvičenia z biochémie, 2020, https://
unibook.upjs.sk/sk/chemia/1411-prakticke-cvicenia-z-biochemie
Active participation with a maximum of one excused absence without the need for compensation. In case of excused absence from two or more practical exercises (e.g. due to illness), the student agrees with the teacher on alternative dates for practice.
Correctly prepared protocols from all completed tasks.
At least 51% of points from each of the written tests.
Slovak
Teaching is carried out in person.
1. Biochemistry laboratory safety rules. Basic biochemical laboratory procedures.
2. Qualitative tests for amino acids and proteins.
3. Isolation of casein from milk. Determination of protein concentration by Lowry method.
4. Determination of the iodine number by Yasud method . Soap production. Reactions with soap. Oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids.
5. Saponification number of fats and oils. Qualitative test for cholesterol: Salkowsky reaction.
6. Qualitative tests for carbohydrates. Determination of reducing carbohydrates by the Schoorl’s method.
7.Determination of reducing and nonreducing carbohydrates in germinant plants.
8. Time-dependent course of enzyme-catalyzed reaction: digestion of gelatin by trypsine.
9. Determination of catalase activity and the first order rate constant. Effect of pH on alpha-amylase activity.
10. Effect of substrate concentration on initial rate of reaction, determination of Km and Vmax for urease-catalyzed hydrolysis of urea.
11. Isolation of DNA from spleen. Isolation of RNA from yeast. Qualitative tests for DNA and RNA components.
12. Determination of vitamin C concentration by 2,4-dinitrofenylhydrazine. Determination of vitamins A, B1, and C.
13. Final evaluation of students.
To allow students to get practical experience in experimental techniques and methods, currently used in a biochemical research: pipetting, titration, UV/VIS spectrophotometry, thin layer chromatography (TLC), gel electrophoresis, isolation of macromolecules and substances from biological materials and their quantitative and qualitative determination.
Osvojenie si užitočných techník akademického písomného ako aj ústneho prejavu so zameraním na rozvoj jazykových kompetencií študenta, na upevňovanie a rozvíjanie všetkách jazykových zručností na stredne pokročilej až pokročilej úrovni ovládania jazyka (B2 podľa Spoločného európskeho referenčného rámca pre jazyky). Predmet kladie dôraz na používanie akademickej angličtiny v akademickom prostredí.
Seal B.: Academic Encounters, CUP, 2002
T. Armer :Cambridge English for Scientists, CUP 2011
M. McCarthy M., O´Dell F. - Academic Vocabulary in Use, CUP 2008
Zemach, D.E, Rumisek, L.A: Academic Writing, Macmillan 2005
Olsen, A. : Active Vocabulary, Pearson, 2013
www.bbclearningenglish.com
Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary, CUP, 2009
kontrolná písomná práca, test, aktivita na hodine
Active classroom participation, assignments handed in on time, 2 absences tolerated
1 test (13th week), no retake.
Presentation on chosen topic
Final evaluation- average assessment of test (50%), and presentation (50%).
Grading scale: A 93-100%, B 86-92%, C 79-85%, D 72-78%, E 65-71%, FX 64% and less
English language, level B2 according to CEFR.
Akademická angličtina a jej charakteristiky
Spájacie slová v akademickom písaní
Formálna a neformálna angličtina a ich črty
Vyjadrovanie príčiny, následku v akademickom jazyku
Čítanie odbornej publikácie, analýza, parafrázovanie
Slovotvorba v anglickom jazyku- predpony a prípony
Ako prezentovať v angličtine
Definovanie
Ako písať abstrakt
Slovosled v akademickom diškurze
Formal and informal English
Academic English and its specific features
Key academic verbs and nouns
Linking words in academic writing, writing a paragraph, word-order, topic sentences
Word-formation - affixation
abstract
Selected aspects of English pronunciation, academic vocabulary
Selected functional grammar structures - defining, classifying, epressing opinion, cause-effect, paraphrasing
The development of students´ language skills - reading, writing, listening, speaking, improvement of their linguistic competence - students acquire knowledge of selected phonological, lexical and syntactic aspects, development of pragmatic competence - students can efectively use the language for a given purpose, with focus on Academic English, level B2.
Záverečné hodnotenie = priemer získaných hodnotení za testy a prezentáciu
stupnica hodnotenia v %: A 93-100, B 86-92, C 79-85, D 72-78, E 65-71, FX 64 a menej
Identifikovanie a odstránenie najfrekventovanejších gramatických chýb v ústnom prejave, ako aj v písomnom styku. Rozvoj jazykových kompetencií študenta so zameraním na funkcie gramatiky anglického jazyka v každodennej interakcii, v komunikačnom akte na stredne pokročilej úrovni ovládania jazyka (B2 podľa Spoločného európskeho referenčného rámca pre jazyky).
Vince M.: Macmillan Grammar in Context, Macmillan, 2008
McCarthy, O'Dell: English Vocabulary in Use, CUP, 1994
www.linguahouse.com
esllibrary.com
bbclearningenglish.com
ted.com/talks
Final test
Active classroom participation (maximum 2 absences tolerated), homework assignments completed
by given deadlines.
Presentation of a topic related to the study field.
Final Test - end of semester, no retake
Final assessment = average of test and presentation.
Grading scale: A 93-100%, B 86-92%, C 79-85%, D 72-78%, E 65-71%, FX 64% and less
English language, level B2 according to CEFR.
Sylabus
Selected aspects of English grammar and pronunciation
Word formation
Contrast of tenses in English
The passive voice
Types of Conditionals
Phrasal verbs and English idioms
Words order and collocations, prepositional phrases
The development of students´ language skills - reading, writing, listening, speaking, improvement
of their communicative linguistic competence. Students acquire knowledge of selected phonological, lexical and syntactic aspects, development of pragmatic competence. Students can efectively use the language for a given purpose, with focus on Academic English and English on level B2.
Final assessment = result average of test and presentation.
Grading scale: A 93-100%, B 86-92%, C 79-85%, D 72-78%, E 65-71%, FX 64% and less
Aktívne používanie anglického jazyka v praktických komunikačných situáciách. Zdokonalenie jazykových vedomostí a zručností študenta, rečovej, pragmatickej a vecnej kompetencie, zlepšenie komunikácie, schopnosti prijímať a formulovať výpovede, efektívne vyjadrovať svoje myšlienky. Výsledkom budovania praktickej jazykovej kompetencie majú byť vedomosti a zručnosti zodpovedajúce požiadavkám a kritériám dokumentu Spoločný európsky referenčný rámec pre vyučovanie jazykov.
www.bbclearningenglish.com
Štěpánek, Libor a kol. Academic English-Akademická angličtina. Praha: Grada Publishing, a.s., 2011.
McCarthy M., O'Dell F.: English Vocabulary in Use, Upper-Intermediate. CUP, 1994.
Fictumova J., Ceccarelli J., Long T.: Angličtina, konverzace pro pokročilé. Barrister and Principal, 2008.
Peters S., Gráf T.: Time to practise. Polyglot, 2007.
Jones L.: Communicative Grammar Practice. CUP, 1985.
Additional study materials.
Písomný test 2x, aktivita na hodine, ústna prezentácia, vypracované domáce zadania.
Active participation in class and completed homework assignments. Students are allowed to miss two classes at the most.
2 credit tests (presumably in weeks 6/7 and 12/13) and an oral presentation in English.
Final evaluation consists of the scores obtained for the 2 tests (50%).
Final grade will be calculated as follows: A 93-100 %, B 86-92%, C 79-85%, D 72-78%, E 65-71%, FX 64 % and less.
English language, B2-C1 level according to CEFR
Rodina, jej formy a problémy
Vyjadrovanie pocitov a dojmov
Dom, bývanie a budúcnosť
Formy a dialekty v anglickom jazyku
Život v meste a na vidieku
Kolokácie a idiomy, zaužívané slovné spojenia
Prázdniny a sviatky vo svete
Životné prostredie a ekológia
Výnimky zo slovosledu
Frázové slovesá a ich použitie
Charakteristiky neformálneho diškurzu
Nácvik rečových intencií kontaktných (napr. pozdravy, oslovenia, pozvanie, oslovenie), informatívnych (napr. získavanie a podávanie informácií, vyjadrenie priestorových a časových vzťahov), regulačných (napr. prosba, poďakovanie, zákaz, pochvala, súhlas, nesúhlas) a hodnotiacich (napr. vyjadrenie vlastného názoru, stanoviska, želania, emócií).
Expressing opinions, feelings, and impressions.
Forms and dialects in the English language.
Expressing similarities and differences, cause and effect.
Collocations and idioms, commonly used expressions.
Exceptions to word order.
Phrasal verbs and their usage.
Characteristics of formal and informal discourse.
Group discussion and debate on selected topics.
Students will acquire knowledge and improve their communicative language competencies for using the language in practical communication situations. They will gain pragmatic and subject-specific competencies that enhance communication, improve their ability to comprehend and formulate statements, and effectively express their ideas in an academic context at the B2–C1 language level according to the CEFR.
záverečný písomný test
Minimum: 65%
Povolené max. 2 absencie počas semestra
Rozvoj jazykových kompetencií študentov príslušného študijného odboru, upevňovanie a rozvíjanie všetkých jazykových zručností (hovorenie, písanie, čítanie, počúvanie) predovšetkým v odbornej angličtine, na stredne pokročilej úrovni ovládania jazyka (B2). Dôraz sa kladie na aktívne správne používanie odbornej/profesnej angličtiny.
lms.upjs.sk - e-kurz Odborný anglický jazyk pre prírodné vedy.
Redman, S.: English Vocabulary in Use, Pre-intermetdiate, Intermediate. Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Armer, T.: Cambridge English for Scientists. CUP, 2011.
Wharton J.: Academic Encounters. The Natural World. CUP, 2009.
P. Fitzgerald : English for ICT studies. Garnet Publishing, 2011.
https://worldservice/learningenglish, https://spectator.sme.sk
www.isllibrary.com
linguahouse.com
Active participation in class and completed homework assignments. Students are allowed to miss 2 classes at the most.
Continuous assessment: 2 credit tests (presumably in weeks 6 and 13) and academic presentation in English.
In order to be admitted to the final exam, a student has to score at least 65 % as a sum of both credit tests and academic presentation.
The exam test results represent 50% of the final grade for the course, continuous assessment results represent the other 50% of the final grade.
The final grade for the course will be calculated as follows:
A 93-100, B 86-92, C 79-85, D 72-78, E 65-71, FX 64 and less.
Active participation in class and completed homework assignments. Students are allowed to miss 2 classes at the most
Continuous assessment:
1 credit test taken presumably in weeks 6/7
1 project (quiz on the topic of the student´s field of study) 25% of the continuous assessment
5 LMS quizzes (25% of the continuous assessment)
In order to be admitted to the final exam, a student has to score at least 65 % from the continuous assessment
The exam test results represent 50% of the final grade for the course, continuous assessment results represent the other 50% of the final grade.
The final grade for the course will be calculated as follows:
A 93-100, B 86-92, C 79-85, D 72-78, E 65-71, FX 64 and less.
English, level B2 (CEFR)
Academic English and its characteristics.
Selected phenomena of English pronunciation.
Vocabulary of English for natural science.
Selected grammatical phenomena.
Selected language functions necessary for verbal and written professional communication: defining, classifying, expressing cause and result, comparison, etc.
1. Introduction to studying language
2. Selected aspects of scientific language
3. Talking about academic study
4. Discussing science
5. Defining scientific terminology and concepts
6. Expressing cause and effect
7. Describing structures
8. Explaining processes
9. Comparing objects, structures and concepts
10. Talking about problem and solution
11. Referencing authors
12. Giving examples
13. Visual aids and numbers
14. Referencing time and place
Presentation topics related to students´study fields.
Enhancement of students' language skills (speaking, writing, reading and listening comprehension) in English for specific and academic purposes and development of students' linguistic competence. Students obtain knowledge of selected phonological, lexical and syntactic aspects of professional English, improve their pragmatic competence - students can effectively use the language for a given purpose, and acquire presentation skills at B2 level (CEFR) with focus on terminology of natural sciences.
Fretter, V., Graham, A., 1976: A Functional Anatomy of Invertebrates. Academic Press, London, New York, San Francisco, 589 pp.
Kardong, K. V., 2002: Vertebrates. Comparative anatomy, function, evolution. 3rd ed., Mc-Graw-Hill, New York.
Pough, F. H., Janis, Ch. M., Heiser, J. B., 2008: Vertebrate Life. Prentice Hall, Inc., 752 pp. 8th edition.
Ruppert, E. E., Fox, R. S., & Barnes, R. D., 2004: Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach. Belmont, CA: Thomas-Brooks/Cole.
Lectures and practical exercises, original drawing of some parts of animal body or it derivates, examination.
The study of the animal body structure of animals is a very old scientific discipline that has accumulated a vast amount of detailed knowledge. Comparing them is not only a way to put the knowledge into a comprehensive system, but mainly a way to find general anatomical rules that are tied to one of the animal's phylogenetic linneage or have general validity and reveal the degree of phylogenetic relationship of animals or the degree of adaptation to the environment and a way of life. A brief summary of the phylogeny of the animal body building plan and organ systems using the knowledge of classical and modern comparative morphological approach, supported by knowledge of embryology and molecular data for interpretation of the phenotype are the content of this course.
The student will acquire basic knowledge about the principles of building the animal body from the simplest protostomian invertebrates to vertebrates. Despite the huge taxonomic diversity of animals, their bodies can be interpreted by a relatively limited number of building principles that correspond to the systematic position of the examined animal and functional adaptations to the environment and way of life. The subject examines the structure of the body at the level of organs and organ systems, by applying the method of comparison it seeks general principles and also peculiarities. It is also important to get acquainted with the principal terms, which the student will use in the spectrum of other study subjects.
1. Active participation at practical lessons. One apologised absence in maximal duration of 2 lessons is possible. In the case of a longer justified absence, in agreement with the teacher an alternative form of practical exercises is necessary to implement.
2. Before the practical exercises, students have to study the theses presented in the introductory lecture according to the assignment. The schedule of the practical exercises topics together with the relevant materials are given to the students at the beginning of the semester in the introductory lecture.
3. Completed realized assignments of practical exercises and realization of own cultivation in domestic conditions connected with detailed documentation is a condition for granting the final evaluation.
Any changes or modifications to the conditions for completing the course due to the COVID19 pandemic, or other serious reasons, are continuously published on the electronic bulletin board of the subject
1. Basic terms - plant model organisms, seeds, substrates, methods of cultivation
2. Cultivation of higher plants on solid media in sterile conditions - preparation of gel substrates,
3. Transfer of seeds and plant individuals to the gel media
4. Cultivation of higher plants on liquid media - hydroponics - preparation of liquid media
5. Transfer of plant individuals to the gel media
6. Cultivation of lower plants in sterile solid, preparation of gel media,
7. Transfer of microspic algae culture to the media
8. Cultivation of lower plants in sterile liquid media, preparation of media, transfer microscopis algae to liquid media
9. Cultivation of higher plants in various solid substrates in the laboratory
10. Cultivation of higher plants in field conditions.
11. Cultivation of pharmaceutically important species - excursion
12. Semestral work - Cultivation of plants in domestic conditions conditioned by documentation
13. Presentation of semestral works, evaluation realized cultivations
Evaluation of realized tasks quality (0-3 points) and submission and acceptance of semestral work are conditions of for gaining of final evaluation.
Students will practically master various techniques of cultivating higher and lower plants. The techniques are performed in sterile and non-sterile conditions. After completing the practical classes, students will gain information and experience, thanks to which they can independently carry out the cultivation of plants using not only in the implementation of diploma theses, but also in general practice.
Introduction to history of science, especially biology
Magner, L.N. (2002) A history of the life sciences. Marcel Dekker, Inc.
Introduction to history of biology (and related scientific areas) from ancient times, through middle ages to present.
Introduction to history of science, especially biology
• Wonnacott, Wonnacott: Introductory Statistics, 5th ed., Wiley 1990
or any other basic statistics textbook.
Given on the basis of individual working out of a data evaluation project.
Slovak
• Data types. Frequencies.
• Measures of location and variability. Quantiles.
• Basic probability distributions.
• Point and interval estimators.
• Testing of basic statistical hypotheses. Power of tests.
• Nonparametric tests.
• Measuring the strength of a dependence.
• Fundamentals of regression.
Understanding basics of descriptive statistics used in sciences.
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.
.
.
Any literature (identification keys, animal atlases) for identifying different groups of invertebrates and vertebrates. Electronic applications for identifying animals from photographs and voice recordings.
The condition for successful completion of the field exercises in zoology is active participation in the specified field trips, submission of a collection of 10 correctly identified species of animals or their resident characters, processing of the assigned task and presentation of the results of the task at the final student conference.
Study of fauna directly in the field in different habitats of Slovakia; observation, collection, recording, conservation and determination. Getting to know the representatives of fauna connected with the principles of nature conservation.
Students will see and practically try different methods of collecting, capturing and observing different groups of animals in nature. They will try identifying animals using identification keys. Students will try processing a small scientific project and presenting the obtained results in front of other course participants.
BENCE, M. et al. 2005. Plávanie. Banská Bystrica: FHV UMB. 198s. ISBN 80-8083-140-8.
[online] Dostupné na: https://www.ff.umb.sk/app/cmsFile.php?disposition=a&ID=571
BUZKOVÁ, K. 2006. Fitness jóga, harmonické cvičení těla I duše. Praha: Grada. ISBN 8024715252.
JARKOVSKÁ, H, JARKOVSKÁ, M. 2005. Posilování s vlastním tělem 417 krát jinak. Praha: Grada. ISBN 9788024757308.
KAČÁNI, L. 2002. Futbal:Tréning hrou. Bratislava: Peter Mačura – PEEM. 278s. ISBN
8089197027.
KRESTA, J. 2009. Futsal.Praha: Grada Publishing, a.s. 112s. ISBN 9788024725345.
LAWRENCE, G. 2019. Power jóga nejen pro sportovce. Brno: CPress. ISBN 9788026427902.
SNER, Wolfgang. 2004. Posilování ve fitness. České Budějovice: Kopp. ISBN 8072322141.
STACKEOVÁ, D. 2014. Fitness programy z pohledu kinantropologie. Praha: Galén. ISBN 9788074921155.
VOMÁČKO, S. BOŠTÍKOVÁ, S. 2003. Lezení na umělých stěnách. Praha: Grada. 129s. ISBN
8024721743.
Min. 80% of active participation in classes.
Slovak language
Brief outline of the course:
The Institute of physical education and sport at the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University offers 20 sports activities aerobics; aikido, basketball, badminton, body-balance, body form, bouldering, floorball, yoga, power yoga, pilates, swimming, fitness, indoor football, SM system, step aerobics, table tennis, chess, volleyball, tabata, cycling.
Additionally, the Institute of physical education and sport at the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University offers winter courses (ski course, survival) and summer courses (aerobics by the sea, rafting on the Tisza River) with an attractive programme, sports competitions with national and international participation.
Sports activities in all their forms prepare university students for their professional and personal life. They have a great impact on physical fitness and performance. Specialization in sports activities enables students to strengthen their relationship towards the selected sport in which they also improve.
BENCE, M. et al. 2005. Plávanie. Banská Bystrica: FHV UMB. 198s. ISBN 80-8083-140-8.
[online] Dostupné na: https://www.ff.umb.sk/app/cmsFile.php?disposition=a&ID=571
BUZKOVÁ, K. 2006. Fitness jóga, harmonické cvičení těla I duše. Praha: Grada. ISBN 8024715252.
JARKOVSKÁ, H, JARKOVSKÁ, M. 2005. Posilování s vlastním tělem 417 krát jinak. Praha: Grada. ISBN 9788024757308.
KAČÁNI, L. 2002. Futbal:Tréning hrou. Bratislava: Peter Mačura – PEEM. 278s. ISBN
8089197027.
KRESTA, J. 2009. Futsal.Praha: Grada Publishing, a.s. 112s. ISBN 9788024725345.
LAWRENCE, G. 2019. Power jóga nejen pro sportovce. Brno: CPress. ISBN 9788026427902.
SNER, Wolfgang. 2004. Posilování ve fitness. České Budějovice: Kopp. ISBN 8072322141.
STACKEOVÁ, D. 2014. Fitness programy z pohledu kinantropologie. Praha: Galén. ISBN 9788074921155.
VOMÁČKO, S. BOŠTÍKOVÁ, S. 2003. Lezení na umělých stěnách. Praha: Grada. 129s. ISBN
8024721743.
active participation in classes - min. 80%.
Slovak language
Brief outline of the course:
The Institute of physical education and sport at the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University offers 20 sports activities aerobics; aikido, basketball, badminton, body-balance, body form, bouldering, floorball, yoga, power yoga, pilates, swimming, fitness, indoor football, SM system, step aerobics, table tennis, chess, volleyball, tabata, cycling.
Additionally, the Institute of physical education and sport at the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University offers winter courses (ski course, survival) and summer courses (aerobics by the sea, rafting on the Tisza River) with an attractive programme, sports competitions with national and international participation.
Sports activities in all their forms prepare university students for their professional and personal life. They have a great impact on physical fitness and performance. Specialization in sports activities enables students to strengthen their relationship towards the selected sport in which they also improve.
BENCE, M. et al. 2005. Plávanie. Banská Bystrica: FHV UMB. 198s. ISBN 80-8083-140-8.
[online] Dostupné na: https://www.ff.umb.sk/app/cmsFile.php?disposition=a&ID=571
BUZKOVÁ, K. 2006. Fitness jóga, harmonické cvičení těla I duše. Praha: Grada. ISBN 8024715252.
JARKOVSKÁ, H, JARKOVSKÁ, M. 2005. Posilování s vlastním tělem 417 krát jinak. Praha: Grada. ISBN 9788024757308.
KAČÁNI, L. 2002. Futbal:Tréning hrou. Bratislava: Peter Mačura – PEEM. 278s. ISBN
8089197027.
KRESTA, J. 2009. Futsal.Praha: Grada Publishing, a.s. 112s. ISBN 9788024725345.
LAWRENCE, G. 2019. Power jóga nejen pro sportovce. Brno: CPress. ISBN 9788026427902.
SNER, Wolfgang. 2004. Posilování ve fitness. České Budějovice: Kopp. ISBN 8072322141.
STACKEOVÁ, D. 2014. Fitness programy z pohledu kinantropologie. Praha: Galén. ISBN 9788074921155.
VOMÁČKO, S. BOŠTÍKOVÁ, S. 2003. Lezení na umělých stěnách. Praha: Grada. 129s. ISBN
8024721743.
min. 80% of active participation in classes
Slovak language
Brief outline of the course:
The Institute of physical education and sport at the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University offers 20 sports activities aerobics; aikido, basketball, badminton, body-balance, body form, bouldering, floorball, yoga, power yoga, pilates, swimming, fitness, indoor football, SM system, step aerobics, table tennis, chess, volleyball, tabata, cycling.
Additionally, the Institute of physical education and sport at the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University offers winter courses (ski course, survival) and summer courses (aerobics by the sea, rafting on the Tisza River) with an attractive programme, sports competitions with national and international participation.
Sports activities in all their forms prepare university students for their professional and personal life. They have a great impact on physical fitness and performance. Specialization in sports activities enables students to strengthen their relationship towards the selected sport in which they also improve.
BENCE, M. et al. 2005. Plávanie. Banská Bystrica: FHV UMB. 198s. ISBN 80-8083-140-8.
[online] Dostupné na: https://www.ff.umb.sk/app/cmsFile.php?disposition=a&ID=571
BUZKOVÁ, K. 2006. Fitness jóga, harmonické cvičení těla I duše. Praha: Grada. ISBN 8024715252.
JARKOVSKÁ, H, JARKOVSKÁ, M. 2005. Posilování s vlastním tělem 417 krát jinak. Praha: Grada. ISBN 9788024757308.
KAČÁNI, L. 2002. Futbal:Tréning hrou. Bratislava: Peter Mačura – PEEM. 278s. ISBN
8089197027.
KRESTA, J. 2009. Futsal.Praha: Grada Publishing, a.s. 112s. ISBN 9788024725345.
LAWRENCE, G. 2019. Power jóga nejen pro sportovce. Brno: CPress. ISBN 9788026427902.
SNER, Wolfgang. 2004. Posilování ve fitness. České Budějovice: Kopp. ISBN 8072322141.
STACKEOVÁ, D. 2014. Fitness programy z pohledu kinantropologie. Praha: Galén. ISBN 9788074921155.
VOMÁČKO, S. BOŠTÍKOVÁ, S. 2003. Lezení na umělých stěnách. Praha: Grada. 129s. ISBN
8024721743.
min. 80% of active participation in classes
Slovak language
Brief outline of the course:
The Institute of physical education and sport at the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University offers 20 sports activities aerobics; aikido, basketball, badminton, body-balance, body form, bouldering, floorball, yoga, power yoga, pilates, swimming, fitness, indoor football, SM system, step aerobics, table tennis, chess, volleyball, tabata, cycling.
Additionally, the Institute of physical education and sport at the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University offers winter courses (ski course, survival) and summer courses (aerobics by the sea, rafting on the Tisza River) with an attractive programme, sports competitions with national and international participation.
Sports activities in all their forms prepare university students for their professional and personal life. They have a great impact on physical fitness and performance. Specialization in sports activities enables students to strengthen their relationship towards the selected sport in which they also improve.
o
Bobák, M. a kol.: Botanika. Anatómia a morfológia rastlín. SPN, Bratislava, 1992;
Vinter V.: Rostliny pod mikroskopem. Základy anatómie cévnatých rostlin. Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, Olomouc, 2009;
Lux, A. (ed.) Obrazový průvodce anatomíí rostlin, Academia, Praha, 2017.
Two tests during the semester, oral examination
Slovak
The structure and function of plant cells and tissues. Plant organs, their structure, function, shape and organization. Plant reproduction and grounding in embryology. Basic information and terms that are necessary for understanding of relationship between internal structure and functions of organs and functions of plant organism en bloc. 1. Contents of General botany, significant evolutionary adaptations of plants; 2. Plant cell cytology. Basic cell organelles; 3. Plastids, cell wall; 4. Histology, plant tissue systems, meristematic tissues; 5. Dermal and ground tissues; 6. Vascular tissues; 7. Plant organs, root; 8. Stem; 9. Leaf; 10. Flower, Inflorescence; 11. Pollination and fertilisation in plants; 12. Sexual and apomictic reproduction of plants. Seeds and fruits; 13. Alternation of generations and life cycles of bryophytes and vascular plants.
The subject enables to understand the structure and function of plant cells, tissues and organs and to enhance student’s ability to describe the biological role of plants for life on earth. Students will acquire skills for simple preparation of native microscopic slides, for working with a light microscope and demonstration of observed plant structures in relation to the lectured theoretical topics.
Fundamental parameters and relations in ecological science.
Begon, M., Harper, J. L., Townsend, C. L.: Ecology: individuals, populations, and communities. Blackwell Sci. Publ., 1990
oral examination
Ecological factors and relations in environment (air, water, soil); influence of ecological factors on individuals (morphological adaptations, behavioral reactions); populations and communities; ecosystems (impact assessment); conservation and biodiversity.
1. Basic ecological terms. 2. Characterisation of the basic ecological factors (light, temperature, water). 3. Air environment (composition of atmosphere, physical and chemical factors, air pollutants, organisms and their adaptations in air environment). 4. Aquatic environment (water properties physical and chemical factors, gases in water, water pollutants, eutrophication and saprobity, aquatic organisms). 5. Soil environment (physical and chemical properties, soil profile, humus layer, soil pollutants, soil organisms and their adaptations). 6. Characterization of Populations, structure and ppuatin dynamics. 7.Biocenoses and biotops. 8. Qualitative and quantitative community characteristics. 9. Ecosystems. 10. Biomes and their characteristics, 11. Bidiversity-factors affecting biodiversity, Species-Area relationships. 12. Biodiversity protection.13. Biospheric cycles.
Fundamental parameters and relations in ecological science. Abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic factors in air, aquatic and terrestrial/soil environment. Autecology, Demecology and Synecology. Ecosystem and Nature Protection.
The main goal of the subject is to get knowledge on the basic reasons of recent distribution of the animals on the Earth, zoogeographic regionalization of the Earth´s surface and human influence on the faunal distribution in the history.
Buchar, J., 1983: Zoogeografie. SPN Praha
Darlington, P.J., 1998: Zoogeography: The geographical distribution of animals. Krieger, USA
Lomolino M.V., Brown J.H., Riddle B. R., 2005: Biogeography. Sinauer Associates, 1-845
Plesník, P., Zatkalík, F., 1996: Biogeografia. Vysokoškolské skriptá, PríFUK Bratislava
ÚBEV/ZO1/03
ÚBEV/VEK1/03
ÚBEV/ZOO1/03
active participation in seminars
preparation of the oral presentation to the selected topic
semestral written test
Active participation in seminars.
Preparation of oral presentation to a selected topic.
Completion of two semestral written examinations.
Oral examination.
This course will review our current understanding of the patterns of animal distribution and the processes that influence distributions of species and their attributes. Zoogeography will integrate information on the historical and current ecology, genetics, and physiology of animals and their interaction with environmental processes (continental drift, climate) in regulating geographic distributions. The course will emphasize descriptive and analytical approaches useful in hypothesis testing in zoogeography and will illustrate applied aspects of zoogeography (e.g. refuge design in conservation).
The main goal of the subject is to get knowledge on the basic reasons of recent distribution of the animals on the Earth, zoogeographic regionalization of the Earth´s surface and human influence on the faunal distribution in the history.
oral examination
Fundamental information on taxonomy and morphology of vertebrates
Systematic and phylogenetic relationships of vertebrate. Review of important groups of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, bidrs and mammals.
1. Introduction
2. Chordata, Protochordata
3. Verrtebrata introduction
4. Agnatha
5. Chondrichthyes
6. Osteognathostomata
7. Actinopterygii
8. Sarcopterygii
9. Tetrapoda
10. Lissamphibia
11. Reptilia
12. Aves
13. Mammalia
Fundamental information on taxonomy and morphology of vertebrates
The condition for passing the subject is active participation in mandatory exercises, completion of all interim assessments during the exercises and successful completion of the final exam.
After successfully completing the exercises, students proceed to the final exam, bringing with them points from the exercises that make up 30% of the final grade. Students receive 70% of the final grade from the final oral exam.
Continuous evaluations during the exercises are: a test on zoological terms (knowing how to define selected terms; the list is published at the beginning of the semester), recognizing animals according to the picture (assign the Slovak and scientific genus and species name to the depicted animal and classify it into a class or series; the list of animals is published at the beginning of the semester, the students' task is to find the correct animal pictures for the names and learn to name the animal according to the picture). Students have one correction period for the paper and animal knowledge. All interim assessments are scored. The maximum number of points from the exercises is 40, while the student must obtain at least 28 points to pass the exercises.
If students get less than 28 points from the interim evaluations in the exercises, they have not completed the exercises and must enroll in the subject again in the next academic year. If the students get at least 28 points, they have successfully completed the exercises and can register for the final exam, bringing with them the points from the exercises, which make up 40% of the final grade.
The exam is always oral. Specific exam dates will be posted in AIS2 at the end of the semester. More detailed information on the types of questions on the exam is published in the Moodle course for the subject. Students get 60% of the final grade from the exam.
Point limits for individual grades:
A - 100.0-93.0 points
B - 92.9-86.0 points
C - 85.9-79.0 points
D - 78.9-72.0 points
E - 71.9-65.0 points
FX - less than 65 points
If necessary, students have the opportunity to consult with the lecturer. Unless otherwise stated at the first lecture, consultations take place every Wednesday between 10:00 and 11:00. If the date is not convenient for someone, it is advisable to arrange a consultation date individually by contacting the lecturer by email (peter.luptacik@upjs.sk).
1. Fundamentals of the history of zoology.
System, anatomy, morphology, development, phylogenetic relationships and exemplary species of selected groups of invertebrates:
2. Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora
3. Platyhelminthes, Rotifera, Acantocephala
4. Entoprocta, Ectoprocta, Cycliophora
5. Mollusca, Annelida
6. Nematode, Onychophora, Tardigrad
7. Arthropoda - Chelicerata
8. Arthropoda - Myriapoda
9. Arthropoda - Crustacea (Branchiata)
10. Arthropoda - Hexapoda / Entogantha
11. Arthropoda - Hexapoda / Insecta Heterometabola
12.Arthropoda - Hexapoda / Insecta Holometabola
13. Deusterostomia - Echinodermata
Students will gain knowledge of the systematic classification and phylogenetic relationships of the higher groups of non-chordates, knowledge of their morphology, anatomy, mode of reproduction, biology and geographic distribution.