Attendance of practicals (at least 90%), final examination
Application of bacteria in industrial processes and for biochemicals production. Ethanol production - beer, wine, acetic acid and acetone production, production of antibiotics. Bioreactors, application of zeasts in industrial processes. Application of recombinant DNA techniques in industry. Lactic acid bacteria and its application in food industry – production of cheese and youghurt, probiotics. Microbiology in food quality control. Application of microorganisms in environment protection – microbiologgy of wastewater treatment, bioremediation, biofuels, microbiology of biogas plants.
Application of bacteria in industrial processes, biochemicals production. Application of recombinant DNA techniques in industry. Lactic acid bacteria and its application in food industry. Microbiology in food quality control. Application of microorganisms in environment protection – wastewater treatment, bioremediation, biofuels, microbiology of biogas plants.
Evaluation of practicals: 30%
Final evaluation:
Oral examination - 70%
The students will acquire in-depth knowledge on the important role of microoganisms in different fields like food (production of beer, wine, milk products, probiotics), chemical and pharmaceutical industry (production of vitamins, hormones, amino acids, enzymes, comodity chemicals), vaccines and their production, wastewater treatment, as well as microbial bioremediation, biofuels and biomining.
To provide the students with basic knowledge on the classification and mechanism of action of the most important pharmaceuticals
Clark, W. G., Braber, D.C., Johnen, A.R.: Goth‘s medical pharmacology. Mosby Year Book, 1992
UBEV/FZ1/03
Written test.
Written test.
Pharmaceutical principles. Classification of drugs. Absorption, biotransformation and excretion of drugs from the organism. Pharmacogenetics. Molecular mechanisms of drug effects. Drug-receptor interactions. Chronic administration of drugs. Teratogenity and cancerogenity of drugs. Development and introduction of drugs for clinical use. Principle of chronopharmacology
To provide the students with basic knowledge on the classification and mechanism of action of the most important pharmaceuticals
Oral exmanitation.
Farrar W.B.: Cancer Stem Cells. Cambridge University Press, 2010
Majumder S.: Stem Cells and Cancer. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009
Scatena R., Mordente A., Giardina B.: Advances in Cancer Stem Cell Biology. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
Simmons A.: Hematology. A Combined Theoretical & Technical Approach, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1989
Yu J.S.: Cancer Stem Cells. Methods and protocols. Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009
Relevantné vedecké práce z uvedenej problematiky publikované v odborných časopisoch a dostupné v medzinárodných databázach (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/; https://www.scopus.com/search/form.uri?display=basic; https://www.sciencedirect.com/), napr. Zakrzewski a kol., Stem cells: past, present, and future. Stem Cell Research & Therapy (2019), 10:68: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-019-1165-5
Batlle – Clevers, Cancer stem cells revisited. Nature medicine (2017), 23 (10): doi:10.1038/nm.4409
Tweedel, The Adaptability of Somatic Stem Cells: A Review. Journal of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (2017), 13(1)
Ferraro – Lo Celso. Adult stem cells and their niches. Adv Exp Med Biol. (2010), 695: 155–168. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7037-4_11
1.Stem cell, the features of stem cells
2. Pluripotent/multipotent hematopoietic stem cell
3. The investigation methods of stem cells, the models of functional organization of population of hematopoietic stem cells, differentiation antigens
4. Myeloid hematopoietic stem cell
5. Megakaryocyte–erythroid progenitor cells
6. Common lymphoid progenitors
7. Microenvironment of stem cells, homing and mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells
8. Plasticity of stem cells and factors regulating self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation
9. Cytokines, hematopoietic growth factors and interleukins in hematopoiesis
10. Clinical use of cytokines and hematopoietic stem cells
11. Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells and their potential in regenerative medicine
12. Adult stem cells and their potential in regenerative medicine
13. Cancer stem-like cells.
1. Stem cell, the features of stem cells;
2. Pluripotent/multipotent hematopoietic stem cells;
3. The investigation methods of stem cells, the models of functional organization of population of hematopoietic stem cells, differentiation antigens;
4. Myeloid hematopoietic stem cell;
5. Megakaryocyte–erythroid progenitor cells;
6. Common lymphoid progenitor;
7. Microenvironment of stem cells, homing and mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells;
8. Plasticity of stem cells and factors regulating self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation;
9. Cytokines, hematopoietic growth factors and interleukins in hematopoiesis;
10. Clinical use of cytokines and hematopoietic stem cells;
11. Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells and their potential in regenerative medicine;
12. Adult stem cells and their potential in regenerative medicine;
13. Cancer stem-like cells.
The aim of the course is to ground students with basic knowledge about biology of hematopoietic stem cells and about the embryonic, adult and cancer stem cells. The purpose of the course is to acquaint student with regulation of self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation and plasticity of stem cells, as well as the humoral factors involved in these processes. Moreover, the microenvironment of stem cells and clinical use of cytokines and hematopoietic stem cells will be discussed during the course, together with the induced pluripotent stem cells and potential usage of stem cells in regenerative medicine.
The main goal of the subject is to get basic knowledge on the diversity of the cave biota, relationships and adaptations to the specific environment, its role in the cave system and protection of the cave biota.
Culver D. C., 1982: Cave life – evolution and ecology. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London
Culver D.C., White W.B., 2005: Encyclopedia of caves. Elsevier, 1-654
Vandel A., 1965: Biospeleology - the biology of cavernicolous animals. Pergamon Press, Oxford
Wilkens H., Culver D.C., Humphreys W.F., 2000: Subterranean Ecosystems. Ecosystems of the World, vol. 30. Elsevier, 1-791
UBEV/ZOG1/03
UBEV/EKP1/04
UBEV/EPZ1/03
active participation on the seminars and field trips
preparation of oral presentation to the selected topic
semestral written test
Active participation in seminars and field trips, preparation of oral presentation to a selected topic, completion of semestral written examination, final oral examination.
The subject covers morphology and systematics of the cave fauna and microflora, their adaptations to this specific habitat type, geographic distribution, functioning of the cave system and interactions between its components, human influence and protection of the cave biota.
The main goal of the subject is to get basic knowledge on the diversity of the cave biota, relationships and adaptations to the specific environment, its role in the cave system and protection of the cave biota.
Oral examination.
Form of teaching: Lecture, exercises.
Redommended scope of teaching (in lessons):
weekly: 1+2, per study period: 14+28.
Study method: full-time.
Number of ECTS credits: 4
Zar, J.H. 1996. Biostatistical analysis. 3rd ed. Prentice Hall.
Legendre, P. & L. Legendre. 1998. Numerical Ecology, 2nd English ed. Elsevier.
Borcard, D., Gillet, F. & P. Legendre. 2018. Numerical Ecology with R.
Oral exam, completion of exercises, elaboration of a semester assignment
Slovak, English
Lectures:
1. Biometric data and their graphical presentation, univariate statistics data
2. Normalization and standardization of data
3. Exploratory data analysis
4. Basics of Univariate Statistics, Part 1
5. Basics of Univariate Statistics, 2nd time
6. Biometric data and graphical presentation, data of multivariate statistics
7. Binary, quantitative and semi-quantitative data in biometrics
8. Multivariate clustering analyses
9. Ordinal analyses of multivariate data, methods of hypothesis formation
10. Ordinal analyses of multivariate data, methods testing hypotheses
11. Introduction to biometric data processing in the context of spatial diversity
12. Selected topics of biometric processing of digital image data
13. Introduction to Chemometric Data Processing
14. Biometrics and biodiversity
Exercises:
Implementation of the lectured topics on sample datasets. Past, R environment.
Data Normalization and Standardization, Logarithmic and Box-Cox Transform, Histogram, Biplot, 3D Plot, Radar Fence, Bar-Box-Pie-Jitter-Violin Graph, Summary Statistics, Normality and Homoscedasticity Tests, t Test, F Test, Mann-Whitney Test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, One-Factor and Two-Factor ANOVA, Correlation Table, Heatmap, ANCOVA, pivot table, clustering analyses, K-means clustering, principal component analysis, canonical correspondence analysis, non-metric multidimensional scaling, linear discriminant analysis, redundancy analysis, MANOVA, one-factor and two-factor PERMANOVA, linear regression, Mantel's test, autocorrelation analysis, Thin-plate splines, elliptic fourier analysis, allometric analysis, alpha and beta diversity indicators
The course is focused on practical processing of biometric data. It should provide students with knowledge of basic tools for processing their own measurements in the processing of final theses.
To gain knowledge and experience in genetic processes at the cell level using the newest scientific findings in cytogenetics. To get acquainted in detail with the results resulting from human genome mapping.
Alberts, B., Heald, R., Hopkin, K., Johnson, A., Morgan, D., Roberts, K., & Walter, P. (2022). Essential Cell Biology (6. vydanie). W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN: 978-1-324-03343-1
Liehr, T. (2021). Cytogenomics. Elsevier, Academic Press. ISBN: 978-0-12-823579-9
Snustad, P.D., Simmons, M.J.: Principles of Genetics. John Wiley and Sons, 5th edition 2009, 871 pp.
Periodicals
Internet sources
The protocols and worksheets will be evaluated in case of the practical activities or distance learning. The e-learning course UBEV/Cytogenetika a karylógia is available in Moodle.
written tests, written examination;
Practicals: The protocols and worksheets from the practical activities or distance learning are required. The e-learning course UBEV/Cytogenetika a karylógia is available in Moodle.
1. Introduction to the Study of the Subject – From Cytogenetics to Cytogenomics
Historical Context and Current Research Focus, Main Areas of Cytogenetic Research – Molecular Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Epigenetics and Epigenomics, Nucleomics. (1h)
2. Methods in Cytogenetic Research. Basic Cytogenetic Methods (Karyotyping, Chromosome Banding), Flow Cytometry, PCR-Based Methods, Hybridization Techniques, Spectral Karyotyping. (1h)
3. Nuclear Architecture. Functional Aspects of Chromatin Structure and Organization. Interphase Nucleus. (2h)
4. Regulation of Chromatin Structure. Epigenetic Modifications, Chromatin Structure. Changes in Methylation Status and Human Diseases. (2h)
5. Genome and Cell Division – Changes in Chromatin Organization During the Cell Cycle – Mitosis, Meiosis. (2h)
6. Cell Cycle Disorders Leading to Chromosomal Aberrations. (1h)
7. The Human Genome from a Cytogenetic Perspective. Key Insights. Repetitive Sequences in the Human Genome and Their Origins. Major Groups of Transposons in the Human Genome. (2h)
8. Cytogenetics in Biomedical Research and Practice. Numerical Chromosome Abnormalities and Their Consequences. Cancer Cytogenetics. (1h)
Organisation of eukaryotic genome. Nuclear skeleton. Nucleolus, nucleolar skeleton. Chromatin structure and changes of chromatin. Levels of DNA organisation in cell nucleus. Chromosomes. Cell cycle. Genetic regulation of a cell cycle. Molecular cytology. Basic characteristics of the Human genom project - what we can learn from it?
To gain knowledge and experience on genetic processes at the cell level using the newest scientific findings of cytogenetics. To get acquainted in detail with the results and significance of human genome mapping (HUGO project).
written examination
1. BUZKOVÁ, K. 2006. Fitness jóga. Praha: Grada. 167 s.
2. ČECHOVSKÁ, I., MILEROVÁ, H., NOVOTNÁ, V. Aqua-fitness. Praha: Grada. 136 s.
3. EVANS, M ., HUDSON, J., TUCKER, P. 2001. Umění harmonie: meditace, jóga, tai-či, strečink. 192 s.
4. JARKOVSKÁ, H., JARKOVSKÁ, M. 2005. Posilováni s vlastním tělem 417 krát jinak. Praha: Grada. 209 s.
5. KOVAŘÍKOVÁ, K. 2017. Aerobik a fitness. Karolium, 130 s.
Completion: passed
Condition for successful course completion:
- active participation in line with the study rule of procedure and course guidelines
- effective performance of all tasks- aerobics, water exercise, yoga, Pilates and others
Slovak language
Brief outline of the course:
1. Basic aerobics – low impact aerobics, high impact aerobics, basic steps and cuing
2. Basics of aqua fitness
3. Basics of Pilates
4. Health exercises
5. Bodyweight exercises
6. Swimming
7. Relaxing yoga exercises
8. Power yoga
9. Yoga relaxation
10. Final assessment
Students can engage in different sport activities offered by the sea resort – swimming, rafting, volleyball, football, table tennis, tennis and other water sports in particular.
Content standard:
The student demonstrates relevant knowledge and skills in the field, which content is defined in the course syllabus and recommended literature.
Performance standard:
Upon completion of the course students are able to meet the performance standard and:
- perform basic aerobics steps and basics of health exercises,
- conduct verbal and non-verbal communication with clients during exercise,
- organise and manage the process of physical recreation in leisure time
To outline the problematics of the time organisation of biological processes and their significance in evolution of living organisms
Active participation on practicals.
Passing of the final oral examination.
1. Time structure of the physiological variables in animals.
2. Overview of the history of chronobiology.
3. Basic notions and division of biological rhythms.
4. Genetic basis and molecular mechanisms of the biological rhythms in animals.
5. Endogenous character of the biological rhythms. Localization of the biological clock.
6. Synchronsation of rhythms. Multioscillatory system of the body.
7. Model animals in study of biological rhythms.
8. Ultradian rhythms.
9. Circaannual (seasonal) rhythms.
10. Application of chronobiological principles in medicine.
11. Disturbations of the biological rhythms. The jet-lag syndrome.
12. Biological rhythms in shift-work.
13. The significance of biological rhythms in the evolution of living organisms.
To outline the problematics of the time organization of biological processes and their significance in evolution of living organisms.
To understand the mechanisms, ensuring the adaptation to regular changes in their environment with various periodicity, as well as of the common action of external and internal factors in control of the biological rhythms..
Oral examination.
Mentioned in the approved thesis assignment.
The diploma thesis is the result of the student's own creative work. It must not show elements of academic fraud and have to meet the criteria of proper research practice defined in Rector's Decision no. 21/2021, which establishes the rules for assessing plagiarism at the Pavol Jozef Šafárik Univesity in Košice and its components. The fulfillment of the criteria is verified mainly in the training process and in the process of defending the thesis. Failure to comply with them is grounds for initiation of disciplinary proceedings.
The student carries out his activities under the guidance of the supervisor. The result of the student's work should be the fulfillment of the objectives stated in the approved thesis assignment.
With the diploma thesis, the student demonstrates mastery of the extended theory and professional terminology of the field of study, the acquisition of knowledge, skills and competences in accordance with the declared profile of the graduate of the study program, as well as the ability to apply them in an original way when solving the selected problem of the field of study. The student will demonstrate the ability of independent professional work from a content, formal and ethical point of view. Further details of the diploma thesis are determined by Directive no. 1 /2011 on the basic requirements of the final theses and the Study Regulations of the UPJŠ in Košice for 1st, 2nd and combined 1st and 2nd degrees.
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Mayr, E.: Co je evoluce. Aktuální pohled na evoluční biologii. Academia Praha, 2009.
Flegr, J.: Evoluční biologie. Academia Praha 2005
Kejnovský, E., Hobza, R.: Evoluční genomika. (http://www.evolucnigenomika.cz/Skripta/Evolucni%20genomika%20skripta%202008.pdf) 2009
Futuyma, D.J.: Evolution. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, 2005.
Briggs D., Walters S. M.: Proměnlivost a evoluce rostlin. Univerzita Palackého, Olomouc, 2001.
Dobzhansky T. et al.: Evolution. San Francisco 1977.
E.J.Larson : Evolúcia. Neobyčajná história jednej vedeckej teórie. Slovart, 2006.
.
In the written exam, the student must demonstrate, in addition to knowledge in the field of evolutionary biology, knowledge of analytical and synthetic thinking when solving the answers to problem-formulated questions, while using knowledge from the entire bachelor's and master's studies of his field.
1. Introduction to evolutionary biology. Historical development of ideas about the evolution of life. Evidence of the theory of evolution.
2. The origin and evolution of the first forms of life on Earth.
3. Theory of natural selection.
4. Molecular evolution I: Evolutionary processes at the gene level. Molecular evolution.
5. Molecular evolution II: Evolutionary processes at the level of species and populations.
6. Molecular evolution III: Evolution of genetic systems.
7. Reproductive strategies of plants, sexuality, asexuality and evolution.
8. Macroevolution and microevolution. Types of speciation. Evolutionary trends of green plants.
9. Extinction - a sad but natural part of evolution.
10. Overview of animal evolution.
11. Origin and development of man I.
12. Origin and development of man II.
Graduates of the course will gain an overview of evolutionary theories in the past and today, and based on the most modern scientific knowledge about macro- and microevolutionary processes in living nature at various levels of investigation and knowledge, they should be able to analytically solve scientific, but also philosophical questions in the field of evolutionary theory. He is able to argue and critically evaluate different views on evolution and apply his knowledge in different types of work tasks not only in an academic environment, but also in practice, e.g. in agriculture, ecology, environmental protection and the like.
.
The aim of lectures is to explain the effects of environmental factors and mechanisms of adaptations in animals and humans.
1. Piantadosi C.A. Biology of Human Survival: Life and Death in Extreme Environments. Oxford Press 2003.
2. Wilmer P and co.: Environmental Physiology of Animals. Blackwell Publishing Inc., 2004
3. Chown SL, Nicolson SW: Insect Physiological Ecology. Oxford University Press 2004
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Elaboration of semestral thesis.
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1. Definition of the subject. External environment characteristics. Environmental factors, classification, time factor. Reaction, adaptation, deformation. Classification of adaptations. Stress reaction, general adaptation syndrome.
2. Pathological reaction, pathological state, disease. General characteristics of disease – pain, fever, inflammation.
3. Ageing, theories, physiological changes in ageing. Death of organism. Adaptations to food intake changes and food composition. Food intake regulation.
4. Caloric restriction, starving, increased caloric intake, obesity. Time factor in food intake.
5. Thermoregulation, heat and cold adaptations. Hibernation, diapause.
6. Altitude and hyperbaric adaptations. Osmoregulation.
7. The effects of hypergravity and microgravity, physiological changes during space flight. Sound, ultrasound, infrasound effects.
8. Electromagnetic fields. Effects of electric current. Infrared, visible, ultraviolet radiation and their significance for organisms. Microwaves. Laser.
9. Ionising radiation, classification, sources. The effects of ionising radiation.
10. Xenobiotics, biotransformation. Air, water, and soil pollutants.
11. Drug abuse, mechanism of drug action. The effects of opioids and CNS depressants – sedatives, hypnotics, and alcohol.
12. The effects of CNS stimulants – amphetamines, cocaine, methylxanthines, nicotin. The effects of hallucinogens and solvents.
13. Carcinogenesis, chemical, physical, and biological carcinogens. Oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes. Prevention of carcinogenesis. Prions.
To understand the basic mechanisms of adaptations to environmental factors in animals and humans.
written exam
To understand a) ekological position of mammal groups in ecosystems and their importance in ecological networks; b) anthropogenic impacts on mammals and their coenoses; c) population ecology of some mammal groups
Feldhamer G., Drickamer L., Vessey SH., Merritt JF., 2000. Mammalogy: Adaptation, Diversity and Ecology. McGraw Hill Hardback, 563 pp.
Vlasák P., 1986. Ekologie cicavcu. Academia, Praha, 292 pp.
1. Factors of environment. Temperature. Water. Snow. Light. Adaptations. Hypothermy. Hibernation, aestivation, letargy. 2. Reseources. Food. Food strategies and specialistaions. 3. Habitat and nika. Interactions. 4. Komensalism. Mutualism. Kooperation. Competion. Predator and prey. 5. Mammals and plants. Food webs. 6. Teritoriality. Home range. Lek. Metapopulations. 7. Reproduction. Mating systems. Oestrus. r- and K- strategy. Monogamy, polygamy. 8. Dispersion. Migration. Habitat selection. Individual. Population. Natality, mortality. Kohorts. Population dynamics and cycles. Gradations. 9. Mammal diversity. Island biogeografy. Macroecology. Gradients. Long-term studies. 10. Habitat fragmentations. Synanthropy. 11. Conservation of mammals. Wind energy. Mammal introductions. Repatriations, reintroductions. Expansions. 12. Global climate changes and mammals. Protected areas. 13. Vulneralble species. Minimal viable population.
To understand a) ekological position of mammal groups in ecosystems and their importance in ecological networks; b) anthropogenic impacts on mammals and their coenoses; c) population ecology of some mammal groups
Dodd Jr C.K., 2010. Amphibian ecology and conservation: a handbook of techniques. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hillman S. S., Wothers P. C., Drewes R. C. & Hillyard S. D., 2009: Ecological and environmental physiology of amphibians. New York: Oxford University Press.
Ongoing evaluation: active participation on practical exercises.
Final evaluation: fulfilling the practical task.
Slovak or English language.
Theoretical part:
Diversity of amphibians in Europe and their phylogeny. Amphibian lifestyles: Habitats, morphotypes, modes of reproduction. Morphological, anatomical, physiological and ethological characteristics of amphibians.
Morphology of developmental stages (egg, larva, post-metamorphic stages) and methods used in research (eg. trapping techniques, measuring, marking, quantification of eggs and larvae in population monitoring).
Food and methods for determination of trophic spectrum, movement patterns (home range, migration) and radiotelemetry, shelters, wintering.
Threats, importance and conservation of amphibians.
Practical part:
collecting of amphibians trapped in vertical traps near National nature reservation Tajba;
night catching of water frogs in southeastern part of Slovakia;
transfer of migrating amphibians (eg. Bufo bufo, Rana temporaria, Rana dalmatina) in areas of their mass migration.
Presenting the basic knowledge of the most threatened class of vertebrates - amphibians, and various methods used in their research. This subject will contain theoretical and practical part, which will take place directly in the field with the main aim to show students how to observe and catch amphibians, handling, obtaining of biological material and its storage. In addition, students will be involved in activities related to the protection of amphibians in selected locations in eastern Slovakia (building of protection barriers, transferring of amphibians during their spring migration).
Coleman D. C., Crossley D. A. jr.: Fundamentals of soil ecology. Academic Press, 1995
Lavelle P., Spain A. V.: Soil ecology. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht-Boston-London, 2001
Dunger W., Fiedler H. J.: Methoden in Bodenbiologie. VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, 1989
Šantručková H., Kaštovská E., Bárta J., Miko L., Tajovský K.: Ekologie pudy. Episteme, 2018
Successful completion of the course requires active participation in lectures, preparation and presentation of a PPT presentation on the assigned topic (short literature research), processing of the assigned task in practical exercises and presentation of the results of the task, passing the oral examination.
The subject covers characterization of components of the soil environment, microclimate, nutrient cycling and energy flow. It deals with soil-forming factors and processes, soil organisms microbial communities, plant roots, invertebrate communities) and functioning of the soil system (decomposition, litter system, rhizosphere, drillosphere, termitosphere).
The goal of the course is to understand soil as a heterogeneous substrate and environment for organisms, with an emphasis on the mineral and organic components of soil that are essential for the existence and development of populations of living organisms.
Rockwood Larry L., 2006: Introduction to population ecology, 339 pp., Malden, Mass.: Blackwell
Oral examination
Running evaluation: active (100%) participation in seminars and lectures
preparation of the presentation to the given topic
1. Demecology and other ecological disciplines, the main axioms of population ecology, deffinitions – population, metapopulation, species and „cryptic species“, mechanism of isolation, the introduction to population genetic – study of gene frequencies and microevolution in populations, selective advantages such as reproduction and competition, polymorphysm
2. Influence of abiotic and biotic factors on population, application of basic population models, importance of population monitoring
3. Basic characteristics of population: density (abundance) – examples of population density in various organisms, the measurements of Absolute and Relative density, analysis of a key factor in univoltine species of insects
4. Basic characteristics of population: distribution/dispersion (the spread of individuals in relation to one another), population dispersion patterns, migrations and invasions of species, various examples of population patterns, range of variability in dispersion
5. Basic characteristics of population: age structure, population pyramides, Popupopulation vs. Sample (representative population), basic population sampling techniques
6. Lincoln Index, T – test, examples
7. Population dynamic: Natality and Mortality, types of survivorship curves, cohort life tables, static life tables, mathemtical models of population growth – examples, morbidity
8. Population dynamic: autoregulation and population fluctuations and cycles
9. Population and metapopulation dynamic: regulation of pests in practise, conception of metapopulation dynamic in biological conservation and management landscape
10. The intraspecific competition
11. The interspecific inetractions
12. Life population histories- plasticity of phenotypes, interaction phenotype - genotype
13. Life population histories- „conception of r- and K –strategy“, environmental and reproductive strategies
Population ecology includes study of the structure and dynamics of populations (chose population characteristics such as density/abundance, distribution/population dispersion patterns, natality, mortality) interactions between populations of organisms and environmental factors based on mathematical models, theories, and population methods applied in various ecosystems. Population ecology elucidates growth models and changes in populations.
The main goal of the subject is to gain basic knowledge on the functioning of the soil system with the special reference to dominant systematic groups of the soil fauna, their ecology and taxonomic identification.
Coleman, D.C., Crossley, D. A., 1996: Fundamentals of Soil Ecology. Academic Press, London, 1-205
Eisenbeis, G., Wichard, W., 1987: Atlas on the Biology of Soil Arthropods. Springer- Verlag Berlin, Germany, 1-437
Schaller, F. 1968: Soil Animals. The University of Michigan Press, United States of America, 1-144
Wallwork, J. A., 1970: Ecology of Soil Animals. McGraw- Hill, England, 1-283
Wallwork, J. A., 1976: The distribution and Diversity of Soil Fauna. Academis Press, London, 1-355
UBEV/ZO1/03
UBEV/VEK1/03
UBEV/EKP1/04
active participation in seminars and lectures
preparation of the presentation to the given topic
calculation protocol
practical examination
active (100%) participation in seminars and lectures
preparation of the presentation to the given topic
preparation of calculation protocol
practical and oral examination
The subject deals with the soil as an ecological system and type of environment It is concentrated to the ecological factors ruling the life in soil, soil-dwelling animals and their adaptations to this specific habitat. Functioning of the soil system and understanding of the principal interactions of soil fauna with plant rhizosphere and soil microflora are among the main goals of the discipline.
1. Soil physical and soil-chemical characteristics.
2. Ecological characteristics of dominant groups of soil fauna - Protozoa, Nematoda.
3. Ecological characteristics of dominant groups of soil fauna - Annelida, Tardigrada
4. Ecological characteristics of dominant groups of soil fauna - Aranea, Pseudoscorpiones, Opiliones
5. Ecological characteristics of dominant groups of soil fauna - Acari, Isopoda
6. Ecological characteristics of dominant groups of soil fauna - Myriapoda - Pauropoda, Symphyla, Diplopoda, Chilopoda
7. Ecological characteristics of dominant groups of soil fauna - Apterygota - Diplura, Protura, Collembola, Thysanura
8. Ecological characteristics of dominant groups of soil fauna - Coleoptera - Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Elateridae, Diptera
9. Ecological characteristics of dominant groups of soil fauna - Vertebrata-Insektivora
10. Methodological approaches, soil sampling.
11. Identification of soil fauna-keys as taxonomic tool.
12. Identification of soil fauna - morphological differences in males, females, adults, juveniles.
13. Open, forest ecosystems and agricultural soils and their fauna.
The main goal of the subject is to gain basic knowledge on the functioning of the soil system with the special reference to dominant systematic groups of the soil fauna, their ecology and taxonomic identification.
oral examination
To teach the students to know and to be aware of the importance of the behavioural aspect in biological sciences
Franck, D.: Verhaltensbiologie. Einfuhrung in die Ethologie. Georg Thieme-Verlag, 1993
Manning, A., Dawkins, M. S.: An introduction to animal behaviour. Cambridge University Press, 1992
DRICKMER, L.C., VESSEY, S.H., MEIKLE, D. Animal Behavior: mechanisms, ecology, evolution. 4th ed. Dubuque : Wm. C. Brown Publishers, 1996.
Internet
UBEV/PMZ1
Thematical presentations
Fulfilled conditions for the exercises
Successfully completed oral exam
History and development of ethology. Ethological methods. The innate forms of behaviour. The simplest forms of learning – conditioning and instrumental learning. Higher form of learning. Social behaviour. Sexual behaviour. Play behaviour. Biological rhythms. Orientation in space and animal migrations. Communication systems of animals. Emotions. Aggression in animal and human behaviour. Abnormal forms of behaviour
To teach the students to know and to be aware of the importance of the behavioural aspect in biological sciences
Oral examination.
Ecological characteristic of freshwater groups and prevalent species, invertebrates and vertebrates.
Bronsmark, Ch., Hannsson, L. A.: The biology of Lakes and ponds. Biol. Of Habitats Ser, 1998
Kriska, G., 2023: Freshwater Invertebrates in Central Europe. A Field Guide. Springer, 527 p.
Thorp, J.H., Rogers, D.C., 2015: Thorp and Convich´s Freshwater Invertebrates. Ecology and General Biology. 4th edition. Academia Press, London, 1096 p.
Wetze, R.D., 2001: Limnology. Lake and River Ecosystems. Elsevier Academic Press, 3rd. edition. 1006 s.
The course is dedicated to freshwater ecosystems of the temperate zone, with an emphasis on representative members of invertebrates and primary aquatic vertebrates, their biology, ecology, and distribution. In addition to theoretical preparation, the course focuses on demonstrating field research on individual groups, examples of sampling methods, and the approaches and significance of hydrobiological monitoring of waters and wetlands. Water is an ongoing priority topic for society. Less attention is paid to wetlands and water biodiversity in our country, although it is precisely here that the key to understanding a functioning landscape lies.
Ecological characteristic of freshwater groups and prevalent species (invertebrates, vertebrates), characteristic for habitat type and water condition (bioindication).
BILASOVÁ, V. – ANDREANSKÝ, E.: Epistemológia a metodológia vedy. Prešov: FF PU 2007.
FAJKUS, B.: Filosofie a metodologie vědy. Praha: Academia 2005.
BEDNÁRIKOVÁ, M. Úvod do metodológie vied. Trnavská univerzita: Trnava 2013.
DÉMUTH, A. Filozofické aspekty dejín vedy. Trnavská univerzita: Trnava 2013.
FEYERABEND, P.: Proti metodě. Prel. J. Fiala. Praha: Aurora 2001.
KUHN, T. S.: Štruktúra vedeckých revolúcií. Prel. Ľ. Valentová. Bratislava 1982.
Attendance: A student may have one unexcused absence in seminar at the most. Absence in more than one seminar must be reasoned and substituted by consultations. Conditions of continuous and final control: during the semester a student is continuously checked and assessed according to his/her activity. To be awarded the credits, a student must pass a test from knowledge obtained in the lectures and seminars. Results of the test will make up the final grade.
Slovak
• Falsificationism and critical realism by K. R. Popper.
• Development and critique of the Popper’s concept.
• Understanding the science development in the work by T. S. Kuhn.
• Methodology of scientific research programmes of I. Lakatos.
• Methodological anarchism of P. Feyerabend.
• W.V.O. Quine – the issue of relation between theory and empiricism.
The course is aimed at getting familiar with the basic issues of methodology and philosophy of science. Significant part will be devoted to presenting the main concepts of the philosophy of science in the 20th century and this aim will be achieved by reading the source and interpretive texts.
Dobson, M., Frid, C. Ecology of Aquatic Systems. Oxford University Press, 2009
Wetzel, R.G..: Limnology. Academic Press. 3rd Edition, 2001
Wetzel, R.G.: Limnological analyses. Springer Verl., 3rd Edition, 2000
The transfer of knowledge of hydrobiology takes place in the form of lectures, seminars, field trips and independent work of students in the field according to the instructions of the teacher.
Teaching is focused on understanding the basic dynamics of abiotic and biotic relationships, conditions and interactions in different types of freshwater environments. It notes current issues such as biodiversity loss, degradation of aquatic habitats and drinking water sources, water loss in the country of pollution, historical degradation of watercourses by regulations, migration barriers and pollution, wetland extinction, acquaints students with the starting points of renaturalization and ecosystem revitalization. Water is the key to understanding the functioning of the landscape, living organisms are an indispensable part of the self-cleaning, productive and other properties of water, on which life depends on our planet. The climate crisis is opening up these problems with new urgency.
The practical course will focus on basic techniques and skills in immunology laboratories in order to have technical foundation to suggest experimental analysis of some immunological questions.
Study materials provided by teacher.
UBEV/IMU1/03
activity at the lessons, protocols from practical work,
activity at the lessons, protocols from practical work,
oral examination
Special immunology practicals cover common immunological techniques as well as techniques relevant to the research projects at the department. The main aim is to understand the host immune response to infection. Practicals also include a study of the histophysiology of animal immune organs. The students will learn to perform immunological experiments, including critical evaluation of the results.
The practical course will focus on basic techniques and skills in immunology laboratories in order to have technical foundation to suggest experimental analysis of some immunological questions.
oral examination
This course introduces the students to the basic concepts of immunology as well as highlights the role and importance of immunology in various human diseases. The aim of Immunology lessons is the presentation of the organization and function of the immune system, as well as the comprehension of complex molecular and cellular interactions during the induction of immune responses.
Janeway Ch. A., Travers P., Walport M., Schlomchik M.: Immunobiology. Garland Science, 2004
Murphy, K. (2012): Jeneway’s Immunobiology. 8th ed. Garland Science
Delves, P.J. et al. (2011): Roitt’s essential immunology 12th ed Wiley-Blackwell
UBEV/MB1a, UCHV/BCH1a
no
Recognition.
Oral examination.
Basic immunology: Lymphatic System Anatomy, The Innate Immune System, The Induced Responses of Innate Immunity, The Adaptive Immune Response, Antigens and Antibodies, Antigen Recognition by B-cell and T-cell Receptors, Antigen Presentation to T-lymphocytes, Complement, Clinical immunology: Allergy and other Hypersensitivities, Autoimmunity and Transplantation, Tumor Immunology, Disorders of The Immune System.
This course introduces the students to the basic concepts of immunology as well as highlights the role and importance of immunology in various human diseases. The aim of Immunology lessons is the presentation of the organization and function of the immune system, as well as the comprehension of complex molecular and cellular interactions during the induction of immune responses.
Oral examination.
1. JUNGER, J. et al. Turistika a športy v prírode. Prešov: Fakulta humanitných a prírodných vied PU v Prešove. 2002. 267s. ISBN 80-8068-097-3.
2. PAVLÍČEK, J. Člověk v drsné přírodě. 3. vyd. Praha: Práh. 2002. ISBN 8072520598.
3. WISEMAN, J. SAS: příručka jak přežít. Praha: Svojtka & Co. 2004. 566s. ISBN
8072372807.
Completion: passed
Condition for successful course completion:
- active participation in line with the study rule of procedure and course guidelines,
- effective performance of all the tasks defined in the course syllabus
Slovak language
Brief outline of the course:
1. Principles of conduct and safety in the movement in unfamiliar natural environment
2. Preparation and guidance of a hike tour
3. Objective and subjective danger in the mountains
4. Principles of hygiene and prevention of damage to health in extreme conditions
5. Fire building
6. Movement in the unfamiliar terrain, orientation and navigation
7. Shelters
8. Food preparation and water filtering
9. Rappelling, Tyrolian traverse
10. Transport of an injured person, first aid
Content standard:
The student demonstrates relevant knowledge and skills in the field, which content is defined in the course syllabus and recommended literature.
Performance standard:
Upon completion of the course students are able to meet the performance standard and should:
- acquire knowledge about safe stay and movement in natural environment,
- obtain theoretical knowledge and practical skills to solve extraordinary and demanding situations connected with survival and minimization of damage to health,
- be able to resist and face situations related to overcoming barriers and obstacles in natural environment,
- be able implement the acquired knowledge as an instructor during summer sport camps for children and youth within recreational sport.
1. JUNGER, J. et al. Turistika a športy v prírode. Prešov: FHPV PU v Prešove. 2002. ISBN 8080680973.
Internetové zdroje:
1. STEJSKAL, T. Vodná turistika. Prešov: PU v Prešove. 1999.
Dostupné na: https://ulozto.sk/tamhle/UkyxQ2lYF8qh/name/Nahrane-7-5-2021-v-14-46-39#!ZGDjBGR2AQtkAzVkAzLkLJWuLwWxZ2ukBRLjnGqSomICMmOyZN==
Completion: passed
Condition for successful course completion:
- active participation in line with the study rule of procedure and course guidelines
- effective performance of all tasks: carrying a canoe, entering and exiting a canoe, righting a canoe, paddling
Slovak language
Brief outline of the course:
1. Assessment of difficulty of waterways
2. Safety rules for rafting
3. Setting up a crew
4. Practical skills training using an empty canoe
5. Canoe lifting and carrying
6. Putting the canoe in the water without a shore contact
7. Getting in the canoe
8. Exiting the canoe
9. Taking the canoe out of the water
10. Steering
a) The pry stroke (on fast waterways)
b) The draw stroke
11. Capsizing
12. Commands
Content standard:
The student demonstrates relevant knowledge and skills in the field, which content is defined in the course syllabus and recommended literature.
Performance standard:
Upon completion of the course students are able to meet the performance standard and:
- implement the acquired knowledge in different situations and practice,
- implement basic skills to manipulate a canoe on a waterway,
- determine the right spot for camping,
- prepare a suitable material and equipment for camping.
To provide the students with knowledge about the principal metabolic processes in living cells.
1. Murray, R. K., Grammer, D. K., Mayes, P. A., Rodwell, V.W.: Harper‘s Biochemistry. Prentice-Hall, Appleton & Lange, 1993
2. Vasudevan D.M. and co.: Textbook of Biochemistry for Medical Students. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers 2011
UCHV/BCH2a, UBEV/FZ1/03
.
Oral examination.
Carbohydrates – significance and role in animal organisms. Inborn errors of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in humans. Lipid metabolism. Role of the liver and adipose tissue in lipid metabolism. Plasma lipoproteins – metabolism and disorders. Cholesterol and atherosclerosis. Protein metabolism and its inborn errors. Water and solute metabolism. Physiology and regulatory mechanisms of water-base balance in animal organisms. Metabolic regulation. Topochemistry of metabolic processes
To provide the students with knowledge about the principal metabolic processes in living cells.
Oral examination, performed preferably in full-time form, if necessary in distance form.
Šmarda a kol. 2005. Metody molekulární biologie. Masarykova univerzita, Brno.
Weaver, R.F. 2002. Molecular biology. University of Kansas
Pastoráková A. & Petrovič, R. 2016. Molekulárne metódy aktuálne používané v klinickej genetike. Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, Lekárska fakulta
Ongoing evaluation: active participation on practical exercises
Final evaluation: fulfilling the practical task
Slovak or English language
- Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. DNA/RNA extraction – kits vs. classic phenol/chlorophorm extraction, chelex extraction
- barcoding
- PCR reaction: basic steps, reagents, temperature profiles and the optimalization of the reaction.
- Electrophoresis: (how to „read”it) + evaluation possibilities. The sequencing.
- Case reports: cryptic species of Collembola, detection of the prey in the body of the predator, detection of tick borne pathogens in vertebrates,
- Basic sequencing, evaluation, (BioEdit, Mega), creating of phylogenetic trees
The aim of the subject is to introduce the methods of molecular biology as the tools used to solve problems of zoological, ecological and physiological studies, in both theoretical but first of all in practical form.
The course focuses on basic molecular methods used in studies of taxonomy, ecology and physiology of animals (invertebrates and vertebrates). The main task is to provide not only theoretical knowledge, but in the form of practical exercises, mainly skills usable in practice (especially in the solution of future bachelor and master theses).
Practical skills in the following techniques:
- Pipetting methods,
- DNA/RNA extraction,
- PCR methods (PCR, RT-PCR, qRT-PCR) + electrophoretic visualization
- database NCBI (GenBank, BOLD)
- basic instructions in using of phylogenetic program Mega: sequences trimming, construction of phylogenetic trees
Masarovičová E., Repčák M. et al. Fyziológia rastlín. 2. dopl. vydanie. Vyd. UK Bratislava 2008;
Taiz L.et al. Plant Physiology and Development. Sixth editon. Sinauer ass.,Sunderland 2014;
Repčák M. et al. Návody na cvičenia z fyziológie rastlín. 4. preprac. vyd. UPJŠ
Košice 2014
Bhatla S.C., Lal M.A. Plant Physiology, development and metabolism. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018
1. Active participation in laboratory practicals. Reasoned absence can be justified by the teacher for a maximum of 4 hours (one two-hour course) without the need for replacement. In the case of a longer justified absence, the teacher will determine an alternative form of mastering the missed teaching.
2. Before the practicals, students have to study the main theses of the task that will be realized. Students will receive an exact schedule of tasks according to individual lessons at the beginning of the semester.
3. Students make a written record of the practicals. Students will evaluate the resultsfrom and draw a conclusion. The form in which this activity will be checked is determined by the teacher at the beginning of the semester. After this check the task is considered validly completed.
4. Whole pacticals are considered to be finally completed upon valid completion of all tasks. The exception is the justified non-participation (point 1). Completion of practicals is obligatory before the exam.
5. The exam of the subject takes place orally. Students ask two questions and have a max. 30 minutes to prepare.
Any changes or modifications to the conditions for completing the course due to the COVID19 pandemic, or other serious reasons, are continuously published on the electronic bulletin board of the course.
The subject significantly deepens knowledge from the bachelor's degree. The student should gain an overview of the basic biochemical processes in plants. Emphasis is placed on understanding the principles of their functioning and their significance for plants. Acquaintance of students with basic biochemical research methods of plant metabolism within the practical part. The result of education is also the ability to process and express own results.
S.F. Gilbert, M.J.F. Barresi: Developmental Biology, 11th edition, Sinauer Associates, Inc., 2016
written examination (pass three tests)
Molecular and regulatory basis of ontogenesis:
1) Totipotency of zygote and genomic equivalence as general pre-requisite for ontogenetic development. Cell adhesion and migration, positional information, developmental signals and morfogens. 2) Induction, determination and differentiation. Selective gene expression, combinatory control of gene expression, lateral inhibition. 3) Mechanisms of epigenetic memory. DNA methylation, genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation. Morphogenesis (asymmetry and polarity of cells, reorganization of cytoskeleton, embryonic folding and flexion). 4) Genes controllig development (selector genes, regulators and super-regulators, homeotic genes). Programmed cell death (apoptosis autophagy). 5) 1st test.
Ontogenetic development of drosophila:
6) Oogenesis. Specification and polarization of oocyte, determination of oocyte axes. Fertilization, cleavage and early embryogenesis. 7) Early embryo polarization and determination of embryo axes. Specification of body segments, segmentation genes. 8) Gastrulation (germ layers formation, neurulation). Morphogenesis and cell rearrangements. Development of some organs and organ systems. Pupation and metamorphosis. 9) 2nd test.
Ontogenetic development of mammals:
10) Fertilization. Cleavage and early embryogenesis (blastulation, gastrulation, neurulation). 11) Early embryo polarization and determination of embryo axes. Induction of primitive streak and germ layers formation. Specification and development of CNS. Somitogenesis, myogenesis. 12) Development of some organs and organ systems. 13) 3rd test.
Acquiring of basic knowledge about molecular and regulatory mechanisms of ontogenetic development of multicellular organisms (animal and plant organisms).
Course type, scope and the method:
Course type: Practice;
Recommended course-load (hours):
Per week: block teaching, three days, total 24 hrs.
Course method: present
Svensson L, Mullarney K, Zetterström D, Grant PJ (2009) The most complete guide to the birds of Britain and Europe. HarperCollins Publishers, London. (The Collins Bird Guide App)
Trnka A, Grim T (2014) Ornitologická príručka. SOS/BirdLife Slovensko, Bratislava.
Šťastný K, Krištín A (2021) Vtáky Česka a Slovenska. Ottovo nakladateľstvo, Praha.
Danko Š, Darolová A, Krištín A (2002) Rozšírenie vtákov na Slovensku. VEDA vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava.
Cepák J et al. (2009) Atlas migrace ptáků České a Slovenské republiky. Aventinum, Praha.
Attendance of practicals
Slovak, English
1. Field trips for birds in the morning and evening
2. Observation of breeding behaviour, feeding ecology and migration
3. Mist-netting and banding of birds by ornithological rings
4. Processing of acoustic recordings and computer data analysis
5. Modern technologies and field methods for studying bird behaviour
6. Practical nature conservation
7. Citizen science
8. Ad hoc lectures on bird topics
9. Visit to a site where up to 100 bird species can be observed during the excursion
Acquire the basic information and skills you need for birdwatching. Learn to distinguish bird species of different ecological groups under field conditions using visual and acoustic methods. Demonstrate capturing and marking birds for research purposes. Participants will learn information on current scientific and conservation developments in the field.
1. Roberts, Janovy Jr. Nadler,Foundations of Parasitology, 9th edition, 2012 McGraw-Hill
Education, 701pp.
2. Loker, Parasitology: A Conceptual Approach, 2015, Garland Science, 560 pp.
active participation in practical exercises
presentation of seminar work
continuous written examinations
oral examination
slovak, english
The course builds on the knowledge acquired in the Parasitology I. course, expands them and includes vectors transmitted organisms. It focuses on mastering the methods used in parasitology.
Syllabus:
Week 1: Parasitic adaptations
Week 2: Parasite-host interactions
Week 3: Behavioral strategies of parasites
Week 4: Effect of the parasite on host behavior
Week 5: Vector-borne viruses
Week 6: Vector-borne bacteria
Week 7: Vector-borne parasites
Week 8: Laboratory diagnostic methods
Week 9: Flotation and serological methods
Week 10: Molecular detection and identification
Week 11: Methods of capturing vertebrates for parasitological purposes
Week 12: Methods of capturing invertebrates for parasitological purposes
Week 13: Parasitological autopsy
After completing the course Parasitology II. students will demonstrate
- knowledge of diagnostic methods commonly used in parasitology
- practical use of methods commonly used in parasitology
- evaluate the method of detection and identification on the basis of knowledge of parasite life cycles
Working out the given themes of the report.
Passing the final oral examination.
1. Phylogeny of food acquisition, processing and utilization in animals.
2. Energy metabolism (factors influencing the metabolic rate; physiology of physical work; principles of aerobic performance in various species).
3. Thermal housekeeping (poikilothermic and homoiothermic strategies.
4. Life in cool environment).
5. The phylogenic development of the nervous system.
6. Sensory abilities of the animals.
7. Evolution of the brain. Endocrinal and neuroendocrinal regulation of body functions in evertebrates and vertebrates.
8. Reproductive systems of the animals.
9. Navigation in animals. Motoric basics of animal behaviour.
10. The mechanisms of the exchange of respiratory gases in a phylogenetic view.
11. Comparison of circulatory systems in animals.
12. Water- and mineral housekeeping in terrestrial and aquatic animals.
13. Excretory systems of the animals.
The students receive an overview on the significance of physiological adaptational mechanisms to the various life conditions on the individual levels of the phylogenesis.
Course type: Lecture / Practice
Redommended course-load (hours):
Per week: 2/2 Per study period: 28/28
Course method:
1. Woo, P.T.K. and Buchmann, K.. Fish Parasites: Pathobiology and Protection. (2012). India: CABI.
2. Williams, H. (1994). Parasitic Worms Of Fish. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis.
3. Walster CH., Tepper J., Urdes L. Fundamentals of Aquatic Veterinary Medicine. (2022). United Kingdom: Wiley.
4. Smith S. A. Fish Diseases and Medicine. (2019). USA: CRC Press.
active participation in practical exercises,
presentation of seminar work,
continuous written examinations,
oral examination
The course focuses on the taxonomy, morphology, physiology, and behavioral manifestations, life cycles, and ecological requirements of selected groups of parasitic organisms of freshwater fish. It explores adaptations to a parasitic lifestyle in both unicellular and multicellular parasites, parasite-host interactions, and the mutual influence on the population dynamics of both parasites and hosts, host specificity, co-evolution with the host, the socio-economic impact of parasitic diseases, and the influence of humans and aquaculture.
After completing the course Fish parasites students will demonstrate:
- knowledge of diagnostic methods commonly used in fish parasitology
- practical use of methods commonly used in fish parasitology
- evaluate the method of detection and identification on the basis of knowledge of fish parasite life cycles
BENCE, M. et al. 2005. Plávanie. Banská Bystrica: FHV UMB. 198s. ISBN 80-8083-140-8.
[online] Dostupné na: https://www.ff.umb.sk/app/cmsFile.php?disposition=a&ID=571
BUZKOVÁ, K. 2006. Fitness jóga, harmonické cvičení těla I duše. Praha: Grada. ISBN 8024715252.
JARKOVSKÁ, H, JARKOVSKÁ, M. 2005. Posilování s vlastním tělem 417 krát jinak. Praha: Grada. ISBN 9788024757308.
KAČÁNI, L. 2002. Futbal:Tréning hrou. Bratislava: Peter Mačura – PEEM. 278s. ISBN
8089197027.
KRESTA, J. 2009. Futsal.Praha: Grada Publishing, a.s. 112s. ISBN 9788024725345.
LAWRENCE, G. 2019. Power jóga nejen pro sportovce. Brno: CPress. ISBN 9788026427902.
SNER, Wolfgang. 2004. Posilování ve fitness. České Budějovice: Kopp. ISBN 8072322141.
STACKEOVÁ, D. 2014. Fitness programy z pohledu kinantropologie. Praha: Galén. ISBN 9788074921155.
VOMÁČKO, S. BOŠTÍKOVÁ, S. 2003. Lezení na umělých stěnách. Praha: Grada. 129s. ISBN
8024721743.
Min. 80% of active participation in classes.
Slovak language
Brief outline of the course:
The Institute of physical education and sport at the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University offers 20 sports activities aerobics; aikido, basketball, badminton, body-balance, body form, bouldering, floorball, yoga, power yoga, pilates, swimming, fitness, indoor football, SM system, step aerobics, table tennis, chess, volleyball, tabata, cycling.
Additionally, the Institute of physical education and sport at the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University offers winter courses (ski course, survival) and summer courses (aerobics by the sea, rafting on the Tisza River) with an attractive programme, sports competitions with national and international participation.
Sports activities in all their forms prepare university students for their professional and personal life. They have a great impact on physical fitness and performance. Specialization in sports activities enables students to strengthen their relationship towards the selected sport in which they also improve.
BENCE, M. et al. 2005. Plávanie. Banská Bystrica: FHV UMB. 198s. ISBN 80-8083-140-8.
[online] Dostupné na: https://www.ff.umb.sk/app/cmsFile.php?disposition=a&ID=571
BUZKOVÁ, K. 2006. Fitness jóga, harmonické cvičení těla I duše. Praha: Grada. ISBN 8024715252.
JARKOVSKÁ, H, JARKOVSKÁ, M. 2005. Posilování s vlastním tělem 417 krát jinak. Praha: Grada. ISBN 9788024757308.
KAČÁNI, L. 2002. Futbal:Tréning hrou. Bratislava: Peter Mačura – PEEM. 278s. ISBN
8089197027.
KRESTA, J. 2009. Futsal.Praha: Grada Publishing, a.s. 112s. ISBN 9788024725345.
LAWRENCE, G. 2019. Power jóga nejen pro sportovce. Brno: CPress. ISBN 9788026427902.
SNER, Wolfgang. 2004. Posilování ve fitness. České Budějovice: Kopp. ISBN 8072322141.
STACKEOVÁ, D. 2014. Fitness programy z pohledu kinantropologie. Praha: Galén. ISBN 9788074921155.
VOMÁČKO, S. BOŠTÍKOVÁ, S. 2003. Lezení na umělých stěnách. Praha: Grada. 129s. ISBN
8024721743.
active participation in classes - min. 80%.
Slovak language
Brief outline of the course:
The Institute of physical education and sport at the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University offers 20 sports activities aerobics; aikido, basketball, badminton, body-balance, body form, bouldering, floorball, yoga, power yoga, pilates, swimming, fitness, indoor football, SM system, step aerobics, table tennis, chess, volleyball, tabata, cycling.
Additionally, the Institute of physical education and sport at the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University offers winter courses (ski course, survival) and summer courses (aerobics by the sea, rafting on the Tisza River) with an attractive programme, sports competitions with national and international participation.
Sports activities in all their forms prepare university students for their professional and personal life. They have a great impact on physical fitness and performance. Specialization in sports activities enables students to strengthen their relationship towards the selected sport in which they also improve.
BENCE, M. et al. 2005. Plávanie. Banská Bystrica: FHV UMB. 198s. ISBN 80-8083-140-8.
[online] Dostupné na: https://www.ff.umb.sk/app/cmsFile.php?disposition=a&ID=571
BUZKOVÁ, K. 2006. Fitness jóga, harmonické cvičení těla I duše. Praha: Grada. ISBN 8024715252.
JARKOVSKÁ, H, JARKOVSKÁ, M. 2005. Posilování s vlastním tělem 417 krát jinak. Praha: Grada. ISBN 9788024757308.
KAČÁNI, L. 2002. Futbal:Tréning hrou. Bratislava: Peter Mačura – PEEM. 278s. ISBN
8089197027.
KRESTA, J. 2009. Futsal.Praha: Grada Publishing, a.s. 112s. ISBN 9788024725345.
LAWRENCE, G. 2019. Power jóga nejen pro sportovce. Brno: CPress. ISBN 9788026427902.
SNER, Wolfgang. 2004. Posilování ve fitness. České Budějovice: Kopp. ISBN 8072322141.
STACKEOVÁ, D. 2014. Fitness programy z pohledu kinantropologie. Praha: Galén. ISBN 9788074921155.
VOMÁČKO, S. BOŠTÍKOVÁ, S. 2003. Lezení na umělých stěnách. Praha: Grada. 129s. ISBN
8024721743.
min. 80% of active participation in classes
Slovak language
Brief outline of the course:
The Institute of physical education and sport at the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University offers 20 sports activities aerobics; aikido, basketball, badminton, body-balance, body form, bouldering, floorball, yoga, power yoga, pilates, swimming, fitness, indoor football, SM system, step aerobics, table tennis, chess, volleyball, tabata, cycling.
Additionally, the Institute of physical education and sport at the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University offers winter courses (ski course, survival) and summer courses (aerobics by the sea, rafting on the Tisza River) with an attractive programme, sports competitions with national and international participation.
Sports activities in all their forms prepare university students for their professional and personal life. They have a great impact on physical fitness and performance. Specialization in sports activities enables students to strengthen their relationship towards the selected sport in which they also improve.
BENCE, M. et al. 2005. Plávanie. Banská Bystrica: FHV UMB. 198s. ISBN 80-8083-140-8.
[online] Dostupné na: https://www.ff.umb.sk/app/cmsFile.php?disposition=a&ID=571
BUZKOVÁ, K. 2006. Fitness jóga, harmonické cvičení těla I duše. Praha: Grada. ISBN 8024715252.
JARKOVSKÁ, H, JARKOVSKÁ, M. 2005. Posilování s vlastním tělem 417 krát jinak. Praha: Grada. ISBN 9788024757308.
KAČÁNI, L. 2002. Futbal:Tréning hrou. Bratislava: Peter Mačura – PEEM. 278s. ISBN
8089197027.
KRESTA, J. 2009. Futsal.Praha: Grada Publishing, a.s. 112s. ISBN 9788024725345.
LAWRENCE, G. 2019. Power jóga nejen pro sportovce. Brno: CPress. ISBN 9788026427902.
SNER, Wolfgang. 2004. Posilování ve fitness. České Budějovice: Kopp. ISBN 8072322141.
STACKEOVÁ, D. 2014. Fitness programy z pohledu kinantropologie. Praha: Galén. ISBN 9788074921155.
VOMÁČKO, S. BOŠTÍKOVÁ, S. 2003. Lezení na umělých stěnách. Praha: Grada. 129s. ISBN
8024721743.
min. 80% of active participation in classes
Slovak language
Brief outline of the course:
The Institute of physical education and sport at the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University offers 20 sports activities aerobics; aikido, basketball, badminton, body-balance, body form, bouldering, floorball, yoga, power yoga, pilates, swimming, fitness, indoor football, SM system, step aerobics, table tennis, chess, volleyball, tabata, cycling.
Additionally, the Institute of physical education and sport at the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University offers winter courses (ski course, survival) and summer courses (aerobics by the sea, rafting on the Tisza River) with an attractive programme, sports competitions with national and international participation.
Sports activities in all their forms prepare university students for their professional and personal life. They have a great impact on physical fitness and performance. Specialization in sports activities enables students to strengthen their relationship towards the selected sport in which they also improve.
The goal is to teach the students on II. stage some theoretical and practical aspects of flow cytometry. The course will cover theoretical bases of fluorescence, its detection, multiparametric analyses and practical applications in clinical diagnosis and scientific research.
1. H.M. Shapiro: Practical Flow Cytometry, WILEY-LISS, 2003. (ISBN:0-471-41125-6)
2. A.L. Givan: Flow Cytomtery: First principles, WILEY-LISS, 2001, (ISBN 0-471-22394-8)
3. J. Dolezel a kol.: Flow Cytometry with Plant Cells, Willey-VCH, 2007, (ISBN: 978-3-527-31487-4)
1.) Conditions for completing the course, completing training in health and safety regulations. 2.) Fluorescence, types of fluorescent devices, flow cytometer. 3.) Principle of flow cytometry, data presentation, gating strategy. 4.) Particles size in flow cytometry, flow cytometry in cell biology, zoology and microbiology. 5.) Cell sorting. 6.) Cell cycle analysis. 7.) Detection of phosphatidylserine translocation and viability. 8.) Compensation, spectraviewer. 9.) Analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of caspases. 10.) Detection of stem cells. 11.) Immunophenotyping. 12.) Flow cytometry in botany. 13.) DNA content and genome size. Data evaluation strategies, FlowJo software.
The goal is to teach the students on II. stage some theoretical and practical aspects of flow cytometry. The course will cover theoretical bases of fluorescence, its detection, multiparametric analyses and practical applications in clinical diagnosis and scientific research.
To broaden the knowledge of students on evolution, taxonomy, morphology, ecology and ecology of reptiles aquired before in the subject Zoology.
1. BARUŠ V. a kol.: Reptiles-Reptilia (Fauna of the ČSFR),Prague, 1992 (in Czech)
2. BARUŠ V. a kol.: Amphibia (Fauna of the ČSFR). Prague,1992. (in Czech)
3. OLIVA O., HRABĚ S., LÁC J. : Vertebrates of Slovakia I. Bratislava, 1968 (in Slovak
4. ROČEK Z.: Studies in Herpetology. Praha, 1986.
5. ZWACH I. : Our species of amphibia and reptilia on the photograph. Prague,1990.
6. DIESENER G., REICHHOLF J.: Amphibia and reptilia. Bratislava,1997
ZO1/03,ZOO1/03
Field excursion
Field excursion
Oral examination.
Systematical overview of amphibia and reptilia with a classification on species level. Phylogenetical development of amphibia and reptilia. Charcteristics of morphological and ecophysiological adaptations. Adaptaions on the significant abiotic and biotic factors (food, tepmerature,substrate, humidity, etc.). Selected aspects of population dynamics of some groups. Behavioral manifestations of amphibia and reptilia from a comparative aspect.
To broaden the knowledge of students on evolution, taxonomy, morphology, ecology and ecology of reptiles aquired before in the subject Zoology.
Oral examination.
Masseyeff,R.F., Albert,W.H., Staines,N.A.: Methods of immnological analysis I - III., 1993.
Robert R. Rich, Thomas A. Fleisher, Harry W. Schroeder Jr., Cornelia M. Weyand, David B. Corry, Jennifer M. Puck: Clinical Immunology - 6th Edition - Elsevier
oral exam, active participation on exercises
English
The aim is to underline the importance of basic immunology knowledge in clinical immunological practice. To understand the pathophysiology of selected diseases that are immunologically based, the signs, symptoms and possibilities of the investigation methods used in their detection.
HYPERSENSITIVE REACTIONS:
ALLERGY: Anaphylaxis, Atopy
IMMUNITY AND MICROORGANISMS
Defense against parasites
Defense against bacteria
Defense against the virus (HIV)
TRANSPLANTATION
Basic terms.
Graft-versus-host (GvH) and host-versus-graft (HvG) reactions.
IMMUNITY AND TUMORS
Malignant Transformation
Tumor antigens
Effector mechanisms of antitumor immunity
Escape mechanisms of tumor cells from immune surveillance
Tumor immunotherapy
Comprehensive review of scientific knowledge on bats. Review on methods of bat research in conditions of the temperate zone.
Kunz T. H. & Fenton M. B. (eds), 2003: Bat ecology. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 779 pp.
1. Bat systematics. 2. Species diversity, bats of the Palaearctic. 3. Morphology, anatomy. 4. Physiology. 5. Echolocation. 6. Ecology: roosts, diet, hibernations, migration. 7. Social structure, mating systems. 8. Population ecology. 9. Research methods. 10. Students' presentations. 11. Practical. 12. Field excrusion. 13. Field excrusion.
Comprehensive review of scientific knowledge on bats. Review on methods of bat research in conditions of the temperate zone.
Brain Facts, a primer on the brain and nervous system, published by the Society for Neuroscience, 2018
Mysliveček,J., Myslivečková-Hassmannová,J.: Nervová soustava. Funkce, struktura a poruchy činnosti. Avicenum, Praha, 1989.
Schmidt,R.,F.: Fundamentals of Neurophysiology. Springer Verlag, New York, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1985.
Greenstein,B., Greenstein,A.: Color Atlas of Neuroscience. Thieme. Stuttgart, New York, 2000.
Regular attendance at classes.
Active participation in practices.
Elaboration of assigned tasks.
Successful completion of the oral exam.
Slovak
1. Neurophysiology as a part of neurosciences
2. Nervous system - basic structures and functions (CNS, PNS).
3. Neuron as a basic functional unit of the nervous system - structure, function, structural and functional classification
4. Glial cells - role and functional classification
5. Electrochemical basis of membrane potential; ion channels, ion currents
6. Origin and propagation of action potential, phases, parameters and types of action potential. Nerve fibers, myelin, rate of propagation of arousal, etc.…
7. Principle of synapse, chemical and electrical synapse, synaptic excitation and inhibition. Synaptic potentials, temporal and spatial summation, excitation threshold.
8. Neurotransmitters and receptors. Receptor classification, mechanism of action.
9. Spinal cord - basic structures and functions. Spinal reflexes. Basic sensory and motor pathways in the spinal cord.
10. Brain - basic parts, their origin and function.
11. Neurophysiology of the senses - sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch.
12. Peripheral nervous system. Autonomic nervous system - sympathetic and parasympathetic.
13. Bioelectrical manifestations of the nervous system. Clinical and experimental research methods.
Students will learn the principles of nervous system functioning from the level of individual neurons (membrane potential, action potential, synaptic transmission), through simple neural circuits (reflexes, ...) to the description of complex functional parts of the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system) .
The main goal of the subject is to get knowledge on the basic reasons of recent distribution of the animals on the Earth, zoogeographic regionalization of the Earth´s surface and human influence on the faunal distribution in the history.
Buchar, J., 1983: Zoogeografie. SPN Praha
Darlington, P.J., 1998: Zoogeography: The geographical distribution of animals. Krieger, USA
Lomolino M.V., Brown J.H., Riddle B. R., 2005: Biogeography. Sinauer Associates, 1-845
Plesník, P., Zatkalík, F., 1996: Biogeografia. Vysokoškolské skriptá, PríFUK Bratislava
ÚBEV/ZO1/03
ÚBEV/VEK1/03
ÚBEV/ZOO1/03
active participation in seminars
preparation of the oral presentation to the selected topic
semestral written test
Active participation in seminars.
Preparation of oral presentation to a selected topic.
Completion of two semestral written examinations.
Oral examination.
This course will review our current understanding of the patterns of animal distribution and the processes that influence distributions of species and their attributes. Zoogeography will integrate information on the historical and current ecology, genetics, and physiology of animals and their interaction with environmental processes (continental drift, climate) in regulating geographic distributions. The course will emphasize descriptive and analytical approaches useful in hypothesis testing in zoogeography and will illustrate applied aspects of zoogeography (e.g. refuge design in conservation).
The main goal of the subject is to get knowledge on the basic reasons of recent distribution of the animals on the Earth, zoogeographic regionalization of the Earth´s surface and human influence on the faunal distribution in the history.
oral examination