State exam contents

Analytical chemistry.

Analytical chemistry, basic concepts. Qualitative and quantitative analysis. Group, selective and specific reactions. Principle and utilising of gravimetry. Volumetric analysis. Instrumental analytical methods. Classification, basic concepts and terminology. UV/VIS spectrophotometry. Luminiscent analysis. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Atomic absorption and atomic emission spectroscopy. Mass spectroscopy. Potentiometry. Electrogravimetric metods. Conductometry. Coulometry. Voltamperometry. Polarography. Separation and preconcentration methods.

Inorganic chemistry.

Subject of inorganic chemistry. Systematic nomenclature of inorganic compounds. Reactions of inorganic compounds. Overview of the properties of nonmetallic elements and their compounds: evolution of the properties according to groups and periods. Metals and alloys. Overview of general properties of metals, semimetals and their compounds. General properties of the transition elements and their compounds with emphasis on the elements of the first transtion series. Lanthanides and actinides. Metals and semimetals of the p-block, their properties.

Biochemistry.

Proteins - primary, secondary, tertiary and quarterly structures of proteins. Enzymes - structure and enzymatic catalysis. Enzymatic activity - influence of pH and temperature on enzymatic activity. Regulation of enzymatic activity. Nucleic acids - structure and function. Mechanism of replication, transcription and translation of DNA. Methods of genetic engineering. Metabolic processes. Glycolyse. Gluconeogenesis. Citrate cycle. Oxidative phosphorylation. Respiratory chain. Photosynthesis. Metabolism of fat acids. Metabolism of aminoacids. Urea cycle.

Physical chemistry.

Principles of chemical kinetics, reaction rate, reaction order and molecularity, reaction constant. Kinetic classification of reactions. Thermodynamic and kinetic control of reactions. Catalysis. Chemical thermodynamics. Reaction heat. Entropy. Thermochemical laws. Activation Gibbs energy. Chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constant, affinity and standard affinity, influence of temperature, pressure and composition on chemical equilibrium. Phase equilibrium.

Organic chemistry.

Organic chemistry - basic concept, configuration and conformation of alkanes and cycloalkanes, stereochemistry of organic compounds, enantiomers and diastereoisomers, bonds in organic componds, reactions of alkenes, alcohols, amines, alkyl halides and aromatic compounds. Electrophiles and nucleophiles.