State exam contents

The state exam consists of defending diploma thesis and exam which has two blocks. The student is obliged to pass the exam from the compulsory block and one of two optional blocks. I. Block – compulsory Theory of condensed mater 1. Basic approximations in solid state physics. The Born-Oppenheimer adiabatic approximation. The Hartreeho-Fock method. 2. The definition of ideal crystal. The direct and reciprocal lattice. The Wigner-Seitz elementary cell. 3. Electrons in a periodic potential field. The effective mass. 4. The finite crystal and Born-Kárnan boundary conditions. Brilluoin zones. 5. The approximation of nearly-fee electrons. The band structure of energy spectrum. 6. The tight binding method. Differences of the band structure in comparison with the approximation of nearly-fee electrons. 7. The harmonic approximation and lattice vibrations . Vibrations of the linear chain with one atom per unit cell. 8. Vibrations of the linear chain with two atoms per unit cell. 9. Quantum theory of harmonic vibrations. Phonons. 10. The second quantization. 11. The electron-phonon interaction. II. Optional block Magnetic properties of solids 1. Magnetic moment of atom. 2. Diamagnetism. 3. Paramagnetis. 4. Ferromagnetism. 5. Antiferromagnetism. 6. Ferrimagnetism. 7. Energy of ferromagnets. 8. Domain structure. 9. Magnetization processes. Experimental methods 10. Measurement of intensity a induction of magnetic field. 11. Measurement of magnetostriction and anisotropy. 12. Physical principle of electron microscopy, construction of electron microscop. 13. X – ray and electron diffraction and their applications in solid state physics. 14. Analytical methods for determination of surface chemical composition (EDX, WDX). III. Optional block Low temperature physics 1. Superfluidity of 4He. 2. Superfluidity of 3He. 3. Properties of liquid solutions 3He - 4He. 4. Quantum crystals. 5. Introduction to superconductivity – Josephson effect and its applications. 6. BCS a GLAG theories of superconductivity. 7. Unconventional superconductivity. 8. Transport of charge and heat at low temperatures. 9. Methods of reaching very low temperatures. 10. Methods of measurements of low temperatures. Experimental methods 11. Specific heat at low temperatures - measurement techniques and data acquisition. 12. Low level signal measurements. 13. Electron - paramagnetic resonance.