Recommended literature is specified in the corresponding information sheet of every subject which is part of the State exam.

The state exam consists of defending diploma thesis and exam which has two blocks. The student is obliged to pass the exam from the compulsory block and one of two optional blocks. I. Block – compulsory Theory of condensed mater 1. Basic approximations in solid state physics. The Born-Oppenheimer adiabatic approximation. The Hartreeho-Fock method. 2. The definition of ideal crystal. The direct and reciprocal lattice. The Wigner-Seitz elementary cell. 3. Electrons in a periodic potential field. The effective mass. 4. The finite crystal and Born-Kárnan boundary conditions. Brilluoin zones. 5. The approximation of nearly-fee electrons. The band structure of energy spectrum. 6. The tight binding method. Differences of the band structure in comparison with the approximation of nearly-fee electrons. 7. The harmonic approximation and lattice vibrations . Vibrations of the linear chain with one atom per unit cell. 8. Vibrations of the linear chain with two atoms per unit cell. 9. Quantum theory of harmonic vibrations. Phonons. 10. The second quantization. 11. The electron-phonon interaction. II. Optional block Magnetic properties of solids 1. Magnetic moment of atom. 2. Diamagnetism. 3. Paramagnetis. 4. Ferromagnetism. 5. Antiferromagnetism. 6. Ferrimagnetism. 7. Energy of ferromagnets. 8. Domain structure. 9. Magnetization processes. Experimental methods 10. Measurement of intensity a induction of magnetic field. 11. Measurement of magnetostriction and anisotropy. 12. Physical principle of electron microscopy, construction of electron microscop. 13. X – ray and electron diffraction and their applications in solid state physics. 14. Analytical methods for determination of surface chemical composition (EDX, WDX). III. Optional block Low temperature physics 1. Superfluidity of 4He. 2. Superfluidity of 3He. 3. Properties of liquid solutions 3He - 4He. 4. Quantum crystals. 5. Introduction to superconductivity – Josephson effect and its applications. 6. BCS a GLAG theories of superconductivity. 7. Unconventional superconductivity. 8. Transport of charge and heat at low temperatures. 9. Methods of reaching very low temperatures. 10. Methods of measurements of low temperatures. Experimental methods 11. Specific heat at low temperatures - measurement techniques and data acquisition. 12. Low level signal measurements. 13. Electron - paramagnetic resonance.

Obtaining required number of the credits given by the study plane.

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The state exam consists of defending diploma thesis and exam which has two blocks. The student is obliged to pass the exam from the compulsory block and one of two optional blocks.

I. Block – compulsory

Theory of condensed mater

1.1. Electrons in a periodic crystal potential. Bloch theorem. Born-van Kárman boundary conditions. Brillouin zone.

2. Mean electron velocity in a crystal. Effective mass. Density of states.

3. Approximation of nearly free electrons. Tight-binding method. Band structure.

4. Electrons in a magnetic field. Landau levels.

5. Lattice vibrations in harmonic approximation. Acoustic and optical modes in a linear chain with one and two atoms in a unit cell.

6. Lattice vibrations of three dimensional lattice. Phonons. Specific heat of crystals.

7. Optical properties of solids. Dielectric function. Optical conductivity.

8. Superconductivity and effect on physical properties of solids. Electron-phonon attractive interaction.

9. Cooper pairs. Ground state and excited state of a superconductor.

10. Itinerant and localized magnetism in solids. Magnons and spin waves in insulators.

II. Optional block

Magnetic properties of solids

1. Magnetic moment of atom.

2. Diamagnetism.

3. Paramagnetis.

4. Ferromagnetism.

5. Antiferromagnetism.

6. Ferrimagnetism.

7. Energy of ferromagnets.

8. Domain structure.

9. Magnetization processes.

Experimental methods

10. Measurement of intensity a induction of magnetic field.

11. Measurement of magnetostriction and anisotropy.

12. Types of electron microscopes, physical working principles and analytical uses.

13. Electron and X-ray diffraction. Comparison and utilization for study of solid state matter.

14. X-ray spectroscopic techniques EDS and WDS in electron microscopy.

III. Optional block

Low temperature physics

1. Superfluidity of 4He.

2. Superfluidity of 3He.

3. Properties of liquid solutions 3He - 4He.

4. Introduction to superconductivity – Josephson effect and its applications.

5. BCS a GLAG theories of superconductivity.

6. Transport of charge and heat at low temperatures.

7. Methods of reaching very low temperatures.

8. Methods of measurements of low temperatures.

Experimental methods

9. Specific heat at low temperatures - measurement techniques and data acquisition.

10. Low - level signal measurements.

11. Lock – in amplifier, principle of operation, examples of application.

12. Electron - paramagnetic resonance.

13. Construction elements of electron microscope, physical principle of operation, examples of application.

Evaluation of the competences of the students according to the profile.